مروری بر نقش نانو مواد و نانو زیست مواد در فراوری منابع غذایی
محورهای موضوعی : تحقیقات در علوم مهندسی سطح و نانو موادسیامک حقی پور 1 , سعیده ابراهیمی اصل 2 , عاطفه بدر 3
1 - استادیار گروه مهندسی پزشکی، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران
2 - دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اهر، اهر، ایران
3 - دانشکده مهندسی مواد، دانشگاه صنعتی سهند، ایران
کلید واژه: نانو ذرات , نانو آفت کش ها , نانو کود, نانو ذرات فلزی, نانوتکنولوژی,
چکیده مقاله :
نانومواد به ذراتی با محدوده ابعاد 100-1 نانومترگفته می‌شود که نسبت سطح به حجم بالاتری نسبت به موارد حجیم دارند. با افزایش نسبت سطح به حجم، مواد می‌توانند واکنش پذیرتر شوند. به همین جهت نانو ذرات دارای خواص فیزیکی و شیمیایی منحصر به فردی هستند که با خواص مواد حجیم متفاوت است. نانوتکنولوژی استفاده از ماده در مقیاس نزدیک به اتمی برای تولید ساختارها، مواد و وسایل جدید برای کاربرد در بسیاری از بخش‌ها مانند پزشکی، انرژی و ... است که در این میان نانوتکنولوژی زیستی اصول بیولوژیکی را با خواص فیزیکی و شیمیایی مواد ترکیب می‌کند تا بتواند نانوذراتی با عملکردهای خاص تولید کند. از جمله این خواص می‌توان به بهبود مقاومت دربرابر بیماری‌های گیاهی، افزایش رشد گیاهان و استفاده کارآمد از مواد مغذی اشاره کرد. مواد زیستی در مقیاس نانو در زمینه صنایع غذایی می‌توانند در تشخیص پاتوژن،در سیستم‌های تصفیه آب، تولید افزودنی‌های نانو در بسته‌بندی‌های هوشمند نانو، کنترل و تحویل مواد مغذی ، نانو کپسوله‌سازی و تحویل ماده هدف به کار می‌رود که رشد عوامل بیماری‌زای ذخیره شده در مواد غذایی را به حداقل می‌رسانند. نانوذرات فلزی به دلیل برهمکنش الکترواستاتیکی، می‌توانند فعالیت‌های ضد باکتریایی و ضد قارچی خوبی از خود نشان دهند. نانو کودها ممکن است حاوی روی، سیلیس، آهن، دی اکسید تیتانیوم، نانو میله‌های طلا و غیره باشند. نانولوله های کربنی و نانوذرات نقره و اکسید روی می‌توانند در بهبود رشد گیاه به‌کار روند. در نهایت نانوتکنولوژی زیستی فرآیندی آینده نگر است و به عنوان یک امنیت زیستی کشاورزی عمل می کند.
Nanomaterials are particles with a size range of 1-100 nm, which have a higher surface-to-volume ratio than bulk ones. As the surface-to-volume ratio increases, materials can become more reactive. For this reason, nanoparticles have unique physical and chemical properties that are different from the properties of bulk materials. Nanotechnology is the use of matter on a near-atomic scale to produce new structures, materials, and devices for use in many sectors such as medicine, energy, etc., in the meantime, biological nanotechnology combines biological principles with the physical and chemical properties of materials to can produce nanoparticles with specific functions. Among these properties, we can mention improving resistance against plant diseases, increasing plant growth, and efficient use of nutrients. Nano-scale biological materials in the field of the food industry can be used in the detection of pathogens, in water purification systems, the production of nano additives in nano smart packaging, the control and delivery of nutrients, nanoencapsulation, and delivery of the target substance that the growth of pathogenic agents stored in Minimize food. Due to electrostatic interaction, metal nanoparticles can show good antibacterial and antifungal activities. Nanofertilizers may contain zinc, silica, iron, titanium dioxide, gold nanorods, etc. Carbon nanotubes and silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles can be used to improve plant growth. Finally, bio-nanotechnology is a futuristic process and acts as an agricultural bio-security.
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