اثرات افزودن روغن‎های اسانسی (آویشن و پونه‎ ی کوهی) و فیتاز میکروبی بر میکروفلور روده و سطح ایمنی (ایمنی همورال (HI) و سلول‌های خونی) در جوجه ‎های گوشتی

محورهای موضوعی : مجله پلاسما و نشانگرهای زیستی

اسلام قلندری ¹ , علیرضا صفامهر ² , علی نوبخت ³ , یوسف مهمان نواز ⁴ , سامان مهدوی ⁵

1 - دانشجوی تغذیه دام گروه علوم دامی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد مراغه، مراغه، ایران
2 - استاد گروه علوم دامی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد مراغه، مراغه، ایران.
3 - دانشیار گروه علوم دامی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد مراغه، مراغه، ایران.
4 - استادیارگروه علوم دامی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد مراغه، مراغه، ایران.
5 - استادیار گروه میکروبیولوژی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد مراغه، مراغه، ایران.

تاریخ دریافت : 1401/06/09 تاریخ پذیرش : 1401/07/25 تاریخ انتشار : 1401/10/01

کلید واژه: میکروفلور روده, اسانس, فیتاز میکروبی, ایمنی, جوجه گوشتی,

چکیده مقاله :

زمینه و هدف: با اینکه در تغذیه‌ی طیور از جمله جوجه‌های گوشتی از گیاهان دارویی به طرق مختلف استفاده شده است، اما استفاده‌ی همزمان از اسانس‌ها و آنزیم‌ها، بخصوص آنزیم فیتاز میکروبی کمتر استفاده شده است. آویشن و پونه گیاهی هستند که بر سیستم ایمنی موثر می‌باشند. اثرات مثبت فیتاز در طیور مستند شده است. هدف از تحقیق حاضر، بررسی اثرات متقابل روغن‌های اسانسی و آنزیم فیتاز بر میکروفلور روده و سطح ایمنی جوجه‌های گوشتی می‌باشد.مواد و روش ها: این آزمایش به بررسی میکروفلور روده و سطح ایمنی (ایمنی همورال (تست HI) و سلول‌های خونی) با استفاده از سه سطح اسانس آویشن، اسانس پونه و فیتاز میکروبی با 8 تیمار و 4 تکرار و مجموعاً با 32 واحد آزمایشی به مدت 42 روز، روی جوجه‌های گوشتی انجام گرفت. برای بررسی میکروفلور روده و سطح ایمنی به ترتیب از روش‌های کشت ( MRS-Agar و EMB) و روش الایزا و استفاده از کیت‌های تجاری زیست شیمی استفاده شد.نتایج: بررسی اثرات اصلی، نشان داد تیمارهایی که اسانس آویشن مصرف کرده بودند، در مقایسه با سایر تیمار ها جمعیت کلی‌فرم و کل باکتری‎های هوازی TAB)) کمتری داشتند (05/0p<). سطح ایمنی همورال تفاوت معنی‌داری در بین گروه‌های مختلف آزمایشی نشان داد (05/0p<). تیمارهایی که اسانس‌های آویشن و پونه را دریافت نکرده بودند، کمترین نسبت هتروفیل به لنفوسیت ها را داشتند (05/0p<).نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج نشان داد استفاده از آنزیم فیتاز میکروبی و اسانس آویشن، جمعیت باکتری‌های کلی‌فرم روده را کاهش می‌دهد و استفاده از اسانس آویشن، باعث بهبود ایمنی همورال می‌گردد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Background & Aims: Although medicinal plants have been used in different ways in feeding poultry, including broiler chickens, the simultaneous use of essential oils and enzymes, especially microbial phytase enzyme, has been used less. Thyme and Mentha are plants that affect the immune system. The positive effects of phytase have been documented in poultry. The purpose of this research is to investigate the mutual effects of essential oils and phytase enzyme on intestinal microflora and immunity level of broiler chickens.Materials and Methods: This experiment examines intestinal microflora and immune level (humoral immunity (HI test) and blood cells) using three levels of thyme essential oil, Mentha essential oil and microbial phytase with 8 treatments and 4 repetitions and a total of 32 test units for 42 days. It was done on broilers. Culture methods (MRS-Agar and EMB) and ELISA method and commercial biochemistry kits were used to check intestinal microflora and immune level, respectively.Results: Examining the main effects showed that the treatments that consumed thyme essential oil had lower coliform population and total aerobic bacteria (TAB) compared to other treatments (p<0.05). The level of humoral immunity showed a significant difference among different experimental groups (p<0.05). The treatments that did not receive essential oils of thyme and Mentha had the lowest ratio of heterophils to lymphocytes (p<0.05).Conclusion: The results showed that the use of microbial phytase enzyme and thyme essential oil reduces the population of intestinal coliform bacteria and the use of thyme essential oil improves humoral immunity.

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