کاربرد هوش مصنوعی در باستان‌شناسی
محورهای موضوعی : مطالعات میان‌رشته‌ای
1 - استادیار، گروه کامپیوتر، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد ابهر، ابهر، ایران
کلید واژه: باستان‌شناسی, هوش مصنوعی, یادگیری ماشین, یادگیری عمیق,
چکیده مقاله :
دانش باستان‌شناسی برای درک، تجزیه‌وتحلیل تاریخ و فرهنگ‌های انسانی، اهمیت فراوانی دارد. این دانش کمک می‌کند تا گذشته انسان در زمینه‌های مختلف مانند معماری، هنر، اجتماعی، اقتصادی و مذهب به‌درستی مطالعه شود. باستان‌شناسی امکان فهم بهتری از ریشه‌ها، اصالت فرهنگ‌ها و نهادهای را فراهم می‌نماید. تحقیقات در باستان‌شناسی زمینه‌های گوناگونی دارد مانند شناسایی سایت، کاوش سایت‌ها، تحلیل شکل‌ها و خطوط، ترمیم و تجزیه‌وتحلیل بقایای فیزیکی و آثار که همه آن‌ها فرایندی زمان‌بر می‌باشد. باستان‌شناسی به مطالعه گذشته می‌پردازد ولی جامعه باستان شناسان سعی کرده‌اند از فن‌آوری‌های روز مانند هوش مصنوعی در پژوهش‌های خود استفاده نمایند. هوش مصنوعی در سال‌های اخیر به دلیل دسترسی به سخت‌افزارهای توانمند و داده‌های زیاد رشد چشمگیری داشته و در زمینه‌های مختلف باستان‌شناسی مورداستفاده قرارگرفته است. این فن‌آوری درحال ایجاد تحول درروش کشف باستان‌شناسی و تجزیه‌وتحلیل آثار می‌باشد. هوش مصنوعی می‌تواند در شناسایی سایت‌ها، تحلیل محتوا، ترجمه و تفسیر متن‌ها، ترمیم و زمینه‌های دیگر به‌عنوان ابزار کمی به متخصصین کمک نموده و امکان پردازش داده‌های بزرگ که طی دهه‌ها تحقیق گردآوری و ذخیره‌شده را فراهم نماید. باوجود کاربردهای متعدد هوش مصنوعی در باستان‌شناسی که موجب افزایش سرعت و دقت در کارها شده است، این فناوری جایگزین محققان انسانی نمی‌شود، بلکه به‌عنوان ابزار توانایی‌های متخصصین را افزایش داده و آن‌ها را قادر می‌سازد پیشینه و تاریخ را عمیق‌تر کاوش کرده و درک بهتری به دست آورند. در این کار چالش‌ها و موانعی نیز وجود دارد که در این مقاله کاربردها و چالش‌ها موردبررسی قرار می‌گیرد.
Archaeological knowledge plays a pivotal role in understanding and analyzing human history and cultures. It enables researchers to study the human past across various dimensions such as architecture, art, social structures, economy, and religion. Through archaeology, a deeper comprehension of the origins and authenticity of civilizations and institutions can be attained. The field encompasses diverse activities including site identification, excavation, shape and line analysis, restoration, and examination of physical remains and artifacts—all of which are inherently time-consuming processes. Although archaeology focuses on the past, the archaeological community has increasingly adopted modern technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) to support their research endeavors. In recent years, the advancement of AI has been driven by the availability of powerful computing hardware and extensive datasets. As a result, AI has found significant applications in archaeology, transforming methods of discovery and the analysis of archaeological materials. AI technologies can assist specialists in a range of tasks including site detection, content analysis, textual translation and interpretation, restoration, and more. These tools provide quantitative support that facilitates the processing of large-scale datasets accumulated over decades of research. Despite the notable improvements in speed and accuracy offered by AI, this technology does not replace human experts. Instead, it enhances their capabilities, enabling deeper exploration and a more profound understanding of historical contexts and heritage. This paper explores the major applications of artificial intelligence in archaeology and discusses the associated challenges and limitations that accompany its integration into the discipline.
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