بررسی تأثیر برخی شرایط محیطی بر روی کمیت و کیفیت اسانس مرزنجوش (Origanum vulgare L) (مطالعه موردی: نمارستاق آمل)
محورهای موضوعی : جنگلداریسیده خدیجه مهدوی 1 , ناصر صادق نیا عمران 2 , حسن قلیچ نیا 3 , نرجس عالیپور 4
1 - استادیار گروه منابع طبیعی |واحد نور، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نور، ایران
2 - کارشناسی ارشد مرتعداری |گروه منابع طبیعی واحد نور، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نور، ایران
3 - عضو هیئت علمی |مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان مازندران، ساری، ایران
4 - کارشناسی ارشد| مرتعداری گروه منابع طبیعی واحد نور، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نور، ایران
کلید واژه: منتول, اسانس, تیمول, ترانس انتول, گاما ترپن, شرایط محیطی, مرزنجوش,
چکیده مقاله :
اگرچه تولید مواد موثره گیاهی تحت تأثیر فرایندهای ژنتیکی می باشد ولی سنتز آن به طور بارزی تحت تأثیر عوامل محیطی است. در این تحقیق اثر عوامل محیطی برکمیت و کیفیت اسانس گونه مرزنجوش در حوزه آبخیز نمارستاق آمل در دو جهت شمالی، جنوبی مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. نمونه برداری از گیاه در زمان گلدهی در اواسط خرداد ماه از سر شاخه های گلدار صورت گرفت. بعد از خشک شدن نمونه ها در سایه، به مقدار 100 گرم از آنها جهت تهیه اسانس، با روش تقطیر با آب (کلونجر) مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. اجزای تشکیل دهنده اسانس با روش کروماتوگرافی گازی (GC) و کروماتوگرافی گازی متصل به طیف سنجی جرمی (GC/MS) شناسایی شدند. نمونه برداری از خاک در هر دو جهت شیب به روش تصادفی سیستماتیک انجام شد، بدین ترتیب که در طول هر ترانسکت 100متری 3 نمونه خاک از ابتدا، وسط و انتهای ترانسکت در دو جهت شیب از عمق 30-0 سانتیمتری از اطراف ریشه گونه مورد نظرانجام گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که در مجموع 11 ترکیب در جهت جنوبی و 7 ترکیب در جهت شمالی شناسایی شد. ترکیبات عمده اسانس در جهت جنوبی شامل ترانس آنتول (98/54 )، گاما تریپن(12/9 ) و تیمول (73/6 ) و در جهت شمالی تیمول (33/49)، منتول (33/16) و گاما تریپن (55/10) بوده است. راندمان اسانس در شیب شمالی 3/0% و در شیب جنوبی 2/0% برآورد گردید. در شیب شمالی راندمان اسانس با ازت، ماده آلی و فسفر همبستگی مثبت و در شیب جنوبی تنها با ماده آلی همبستگی مثبت در سطح 5% داشت.
The active ingredients are produced under the genetic processes; they are also significantly influenced under environmental factors. In this study, however, the effect of environmental parameters is investigated on the quantity and quality of the essential oil of Origanum vulgare L in watershed basin Nemarostagh Amol in both northern and southern direction. Sampling was done in early June of the shoot plant flowers Origanum vulgare L. After the samples are dried under shadow, and then 100 grams of the sample are used to provide the essential oil by using the water distillation (Clevenger) method. The GC and GC-Mass identify constituents of the essential oil from the sample. The soil sampling is conducted from both slopes by using systematic- random method. So in long of each transect in which the samples are taken from the beginning, middle and end parts of transect in two aspect slop of depth 0-30 cm from the root and N,P,K, OM, EC, PH was measured . In total 11 component in aspect south and 7 components in aspect north was identified. Component of main essential oil in aspect o south include trans – anethole (54/98), 14خ³'>-terpinene (9/12), thymol(6/73) and in aspect of north thymol((33/49 , l-(-)-menthol (33/16) and 14خ³'>-terpinene. (55/10) Efficiency of essential oil in aspect of north 0/3% and in aspect of south %0/2 was estimated. In aspect of north Efficiency of essential oil was positive coefficient with OM, N, P and in south aspect only with OM positive coefficient in level 5%.
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