تأثیر مشخصه‌های روشنه‌های پوشش تاجی بر تجدید حیات درختان راش در جنگل‌های آمیخته راش
محورهای موضوعی : جنگلداریکیومرث سفیدی 1 , محمدرضا مروی مهاجر 2 , وحید اعتماد 3 , راینهارد موزاندل 4
1 - استادیار| دانشکده فناوری کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران
2 - استاد |دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
3 - استادیار| دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
4 - استاد و رئیس دپارتمان جنگل‌شناسی |دانشگاه مونیخ آلمان
کلید واژه: روشنه, زادآوری جنگل, جنگل‌شناسی راش, شیوه تک گزینی, راش شرقی,
چکیده مقاله :
این پژوهش باهدف بررسی ویژگی‌های روشنه‌ها به‌عنوان آشوب اثرگذار در فرایند تجدید حیات طبیعی توده‌های راش در بخش گرازبن جنگل آموزشی و پژوهشی خیرود انجام گرفت و تمامی مشخصه‌های روشنه‌ها و نیز سایر مشخصه‌های توده که در ارتباط با روشنه‌ها هستند، اندازه‌گیری شدند. نتایج نشان داد به‌طور متوسط 3 روشنه در هر هکتار وجود دارد که مساحت آن‌ها از 19 تا 1250 مترمربع تغییر می‌کند و درمجموع 3/9% از سطح کل توده‌های جنگلی موردمطالعه را شامل می‌شود، اغلب روشنه‌ها (58%) دارای سطحی کمتر از 200 مترمربع بودند و روشنه‌هایی با مساحت بیش از 400 مترمربع دارای شکل نامنظم بودند، اما روشنه‌های بزرگ‌تر از آن تفاوت معنی‌داری را با هندسی دایره نشان نمی‌دهند. 41% از روشنه‌ها با افتادن یک درخت تشکیل و گونه راش شرقی 63% از گونه‌های درختی روشنه ساز و 93% از گونه‌های درختی پرکننده روشنه را به خود اختصاص می‌دهد. فراوانی و تنوع نهال‌ها در داخل روشنه‌ها ارتباط معنی‌داری با مساحت روشنه‌ها نشان نمی‌دهد. حداقل مساحتی که در آن نهال راش به مرحله خال می‌رسد 7/23 مترمربع ثبت، مدیان آن 206 و بزرگ‌ترین روشنه 1808 مترمربع ثبت گردید. بر اساس نتایج این پژوهش شیوه‌های جنگل‌شناسی که منجر به ایجاد روشنه‌های با ابعاد کوچک یا متوسط در پوشش تاجی درختان می‌شوند را به طور یقین جزو شیوه‌های جنگل‌شناسی نزدیک به طبیعت محسوب شود.
The aim of this research was to describe characteristics of natural canopy gaps and gap area fraction as an environmental influence on the success of beech seedling establishment in mature beech stands. All canopy gaps and related forest parameters were measured within three 25 ha areas within the Gorazbon district of the University of Tehran’s Kheyrud Experimental Forest. Results showed an average of 3 gaps/ha occurred in the forest and gap sizes ranged from 19 to 1250 m2 in size. The most frequent (58%) canopy gaps were <200 m2. In total, canopy gaps covered 9.3% of the forest area. Gaps <400 m2 in size were irregular in shape, but larger gaps did not differ significantly in shape from a circle. Most gaps (41%) were formed by a single tree-fall event and beech made up 63% of gap makers and 93% of gap fillers. Frequency and diversity of tree seedlings were not significantly correlated with gap size. The minimum gap size that contained at least one beech gap-filling sapling (<1.3 m tall) was 23.7 m2. The median gap size containing at least one beech gap-filling sapling was 206 m2 and the maximum size was 1808 m2. The management implications from our study suggest that the creation of small and medium sized gaps in mixed beech forest should mimic natural disturbance regimes and would be consider as near to nature in the study area.
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