اوقات فراغت و جنسیت: تاملی بر تجربه زیستة دانشجویان دختر دانشگاه شیراز
محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه زن و جامعه
1 - دکترای جامعه شتاسی، گروه جامعه شناسی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران
2 - استادیار گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه اراک، اراک، ایران
کلید واژه: اوقات فراغت, دانشجویان, جنسیت, آموزش عالی, تجربةزیسته, ساختارهای فراغت,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف: هدف هدف پژوهش حاضر، مطالعه تجربه زیستة دانشجویان دختر از اوقات فراغت بود. روش: روش پژوهش نیز پدیدارشناسی انتخاب شد. مشارکتکنندگان بالقوه پژوهش، دانشجویان دختر دانشگاه شیراز بودند که با نمونهگیری هدفمند 23 نفر از آنها مورد مطالعه قرار گرفتند. ابزار گرداوری دادهها، مصاحبه نیمهساختاریافته بود و برای تجزیه و تحلیل دادهها از تکنیک تحلیل مضمون استفاده شد. یافتهها: یافته‌های پژوهش بیانگر آن است که جهت‌گیری فراغتی فردمحور، محدودیت ساختارهای جامعه بر فراغت، بسترهای فراغتی تبعیض آمیز، عدم امنیت در گذران اوقات فراغت و جهت‌گیری اقتصاد محورِ فراغت، مضامین اصلی در الگوهای فراغتی دانشجویان دانشگاه شیراز را شکل میدهند. براساس یافته‌های پژوهش، تمایل به انتخاب فراغت غیرفعال و جهت‌گیری‌های فراغتی آزادانه و انتخابی، عواملی هستند که جهت‌گیری فراغتی فردمحور، را توضیح میدهند. جنبههای مذهبی، محدودیت‌های عرفی-فرهنگی و محدودیت‌های ساختارِ سیاسی، به‌عنوان محدودیت ساختارهای جامعه بر الگوهای فراغت، شناسایی شده‌اند. تخصیص امکانات نابرابر، محدودیت در تنوع فراغت و نگاه فرهنگی، بسترهای فراغتی تبعیضآمیز هستند که فراغتِ آنها را شکل می‌دهد. عدم امنیت ذهنی- ساختاری و عدم امنیت مکانی و زمانی، محدویت دانشجویان دختر را از عدم امنیت در گذران اوقات فراغت درک‌پذیر می‌کنند. همچنین تمایز طبقاتی و جهت‌دهی فراغتی نیز جهت‌گیری اقتصادمحورِ فراغت دانشجویان را معرفی می‌کند. با توجه به نتایج پژوهش به سیاستگذاران فرهنگی و فراغتی توصیه میشود تا اقدامات مورد نیاز را جهت رفع موانع ساختاری و ذهنی شکل گرفته در بین دانشجویان در حوزه فراغت، انجام دهند تا در این زمینه احساس تبعیض در بین دختران کاهش یابد.
The aim of this study was to study the lived experience of female students at Shiraz about leisure time. The research approach used in the study was qualitative and also strategy was phenomenology. Potential participants in the study were female students at Shiraz University who were studied through purposive sampling based on the theoretical saturation rule. Data collection tool was semi-structured interviews and also thematic analysis technique was used to analyze the data. Findings indicate that individual-oriented leisure orientation, limitation of community structures on leisure time, discriminatory leisure contexts, insecurity in leisure and economy-oriented leisure orientation are the main themes in the leisure patterns of Shiraz University students. Based on the research findings, the tendency to choose passive leisure and freely and selectively leisure orientations are the factors that explain the individual-oriented leisure orientation. Religious limitations, customary-cultural limitations, and political structure limitations have been identified as limitations on community structures over leisure time. Allocation of unequal facilities, limitations on leisure diversity and cultural perspectives are discriminatory leisure time. Mental-structural insecurity and nonsecurity in space and time explain the limitations of female students from insecurity in leisure time. Class distinction and leisure orientation also introduce students' economy-oriented leisure time. According to the research results it is expected that policy makers in the field of culture in general and policy makers in higher education based on research results to provide spaces to improve students' leisure time.
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