ارزیابی آلودگی به استرپتوکوکوس اکویی در اسب‌های کار به ظاهر سالم منطقه شهرستان ارومیه به روش الایزای غیرمستقیم
محورهای موضوعی : آسیب شناسی درمانگاهی دامپزشکیاسماعیل مینایی 1 , آرش عراقی سوره 2
1 - دانش‌آموخته دکترای حرفه‌ای دامپزشکی، دانشکده دامپزشکی، واحد ارومیه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ارومیه، ایران.
2 - دانشیار گروه علوم درمانگاهی، دانشکده دامپزشکی، واحد ارومیه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ارومیه، ایران.
کلید واژه: الایزا, ارومیه, اسب, استرپتوکوکوس اکویی,
چکیده مقاله :
گورم یکی از مهم ترین بیماری‌های عفونی اسب‌سانان می‌باشد که توسط استرپتوکوکوس اکویی تحت گونه اکویی ایجاد می‌شود. بیماری با تب، بی اشتهایی، بی حالی، ترشحات چرکی بینی و درگیری عقده های لنفی به ویژه در ناحیه سر و گردن مشخص می شود. هدف از مطالعه حاضر تعیین فراوانی سرمی آلودگی به استرپتوکوکوس اکویی در اسب‌های کار شهرستان ارومیه واقع در شمال غرب ایران بود. نمونه‌های سرمی از 46 رأس اسب به ظاهر سالم اخذ و به روش الایزای غیرمستقیم برای ردیابی ایمونوگلبولین جی ضد پادگن SeM (Streptococcusequi M protein) آزمایش شد. همچنین داده‌ها برای تعیین اثر سن و جنس روی فراوانی موارد مثبت تجزیه و تحلیل شد. در کل 9/73 درصد (فاصله اطمینان 95 درصد: 6/86-2/61) از نمونه‌هابرای پادتن های استرپتوکوکوس اکویی مثبت بودند. فراوانی سرمی تحت تاثیر سن (05/0<p < /em>) و جنس (05/0<p < /em>) قرار نداشت. در آنالیز رگرسیون از میان دو متغیر پیش‌بینی کننده سن و جنس، تنها سن معنی‌دار بود (05/0>p < /em>). یافته های مطالعه حاضر مشخص کرد که با افزایش یک سال سن احتمال آلودگی 403/1 برابر (فاصله اطمینان 95 درصد: 958/1-006/1) افزایش می‌یابدو سن 339/0 درصد از تغییرات آلودگی را توجیه می‌کند. جمع بندی نهائی نتایج نشان داد که مواجهه بسیار بالا با استرپتوکوکوس اکویی در اسب‌های کار شهرستان ارومیه وجود دارد.
Strangles is one of the most important infectious diseases of equids caused by Streptococcus equi subspecies equi. The disease is characterized by fever, anorexia, lethargy, purulent nasal discharge, and lymphadenopathy, particularly of the lymph nodes of the head and neck. The objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence rate of S. equi infection in apparently healthy working horses of Urmia region in northwestern Iran. Sera from 46 apparently healthy horses were tested by enzyme linked immunosrobent assay (ELISA) kit (ID Screen S. equi Indirect) to detect IgG to S. equi M protein (SeM) antigen. Data were analyzed for effect of sex and age on seropositivity by chi-squared, fisher’s exact and logistic regression tests. A total of 73.9% (95% CI: 61.2-86.6%) of samples were positive for S. equi antibodies. Seropositivity was not affected by age (p >0.05) and sex (p >0.05). In regression analysis only age was significant between predictor variables. Odds of infection between the age based on year and disease was 1.403 (95% CI: 1.006-1.958), and age explained 0.339% of infection’s fluctuations. The final summary of results indicates that exposure to S. equi is very high in apparently healthy working horses of Urmia region.
Al-Ghamdi, G.M. (2012). Serology study of Streptococcus equi in Saudi Arabia. Veterinary
Research, 5(5): 107-109.
Al-Gharban, H.A.A.J. (2017). Seroepidemiological detection and culture utilization for diagnosis of carrier horses and donkeys with strangles. Journal of College of Education, 28(1): 649-660.
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (2001). Infectious upper respiratory disease in U.S. horses: Laboratory results for Influenza serology and nasal swab culture for Streptococcus Isolation. No: 343.
Clark, C., Greenwood, S., Boison, J.O., Chirino-Trejo, M. and Dowling, P.M. (2008). Bacterial isolates from equine infections in western Canada (1998–2003). Canadian Veterinary Journal, 49(2): 153-160.
Harrington, D.J., Sutcliffe, I.C. and Chanter, N. (2002). The molecular basis of Streptococcus equi infection and disease. Microbes and Infections, 4(4): 501-510.
Hashemi Mehrijardi, H., Pormahdi Borujeni, M., Ghadrdan Mashhadi, A. and Siefi Abad Shapori, M. (2018). Seroprevalence and risk factors of equine influenza virus infection in horses of Khuzestan province. Journal of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 1(45): 43-54. [In Persian]
Hassanpour, A., Rezaei Saber, A.P. and Mofakhami, F. (2013). Serologic investigation of the prevalence of equine infectious anemia virus in Tabriz area. Journal of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 2(14): 837-841. [In Persian]
Hassanpour, A. and Fartashvand, M. (2013). Serumic concentration of cardiac troponin and some enzymes in horses with strangles. Journal of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 6(4): 1703-1708. [In Persian]
Holden, M.T., Heather, Z., Paillot, R., Steward, K.F., Webb, K., Ainslie, F., et al. (2009). Genomic evidence for the evolution of Streptococcus equi: host restriction, increased virulence, and genetic exchange with human pathogens. PLOS Pathogens, 5(3): 1-14.
Ijaz, M., Khan, M.S., Dourani, A.Z., Saleem, M.H., Chaudhry, A.S., Ali, M.M., et al. (2012). Prevalence and Biochemical Studies of Strangles (Streptococcus equi) Affected horses in Pakistan. Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 22(2): 295-299.
Jannatabadi, A.A., Mohammadi, G.R., Rad, M. and Maleki, M. (2008). Molecular identification of Streptococcus equi subsp. equi and Streptococcus equi subsp. Zooepidemicus in nasal swabs samples from horse suffering respiratory infections in Iran. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 11(3): 468-471.
Jorm, L.R. (1991). Strangles in horse studs: incidence, risk factors and effect of vaccination. Australian Veterinary Journal, 68(8): 282-283.
Kazemi Asl, S.A., Hassanpour, A. and Amoughli Tabrizi, B. (2013). Comparative assessment the serum values of Iron, phosphorous and cobalt in both healthy and horses with strangles. European Journal of Experimental Biology, 3(1): 513-518.
Knowles, E.J., Mair, T.S., Butcher, N., Waller, A.S. and Wood, J.L. (2010). Use of a novel serological test for exposure to Streptococcus equi subspecies equi in hospitalised horses. Veterinary Record, 166(10): 294.
Libardoni, F., Machado, G., Gressler, L.L., Kowalski, A.P., Diehl, G.N., Santos, A.S.D., et al. (2016). Prevalence of Streptococcus equi subsp. equi in horses and associated risk factors in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Research in Veterinary Science, 104(2): 53-57.
Ling, A.S., Upjohn, M.M., Webb, K., Waller, A.S. and Verheyen, K.L. (2011). Seroprevalence of Streptococcus equi in working horses in Lesotho. Veterinary Record, 169(3): 72.
Mohammadi, A., Pourmahdi Borujeni, M., Gharibi, D. and Ghadrdan Mashhadi, A. (2016). A serological survey on strangles disease in horses of some areas in Khuzestan province by ELISA. Journal of Veterinary Research, 71(4): 373-379. [In Persian]
Meehan, M., Lynagh, Y., Woods, C. and Owen, P. (2001). The fibrinogen-binding protein (FgBP) of Streptococcus equi subsp. equi additionally binds IgG and contributes to virulence in a mouse model. Microbiology, 147(12): 3311-3322.
Mir, I.A., Kumar, B., Taku, A., Faridi, F., Bhat, M.A., Baba, N.A., et al. (2013). Bacteriological and molecular detection of Streptococcus equi subsp. equi and Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus in equines of Northern India. Journal of Equine Sciences, 24(3): 53-55.
Moraes, C.M., Vargas, A.P.C., Leite, F.P.L., Nogueira, C.E.W. and Turnes, C.G. (2009). Strangles: etiology, diagnosis and control. Ciencia Rural, 39(6): 1944-1952.
Newton, J.R., Verheyen, K., Talbot, N.C., Timoney, J.F., Wood J.L.N., Lakhani K.H. et al. (2000). Control of strangles outbreaks by isolation of guttural pouch carriers identified using PCR and culture of Streptococcus equi. Equine Veterinary Journal, 32(6): 515-526.
Noormohamadzadeh, F., Abdollahpour, F.G. and Khajeh-Nasiri, S.M. (1992). Epizootiological investigation of strangles in the equine stables in Tehran. Journal of Equine Veterinary Sciences, 12(6): 401-402.
Davidson, A., Traub-Dargatz, J.L., Magnuson,R., Hill, A., Irwin, V., Newton, R., et al. (2008). Lack of correlation between antibody titers to firinogen-binding protein of Streptococcus equi and persistent carriers of strangles. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 20(4): 457-462.
Robinson C., Steward, K.F., Potts, N., Barker C., Hammond, T.A., Pierce, K., et al. (2013). Combining two serological assays optimises sensitivity and specificity for the identification of Streptococcus equi subsp. equi exposure. Veterinary Journal, 197(2): 188-191.
Sellon, D. (2013). Equine Infectious Diseases. 2nd ed., Saunders, pp: 265-276.
Sweeney, C.R., Timoney, J.F., Newton, J.R. and Hines, M.T. (2005). Streptococcus equi infections in horses: guidelines for treatment, control and prevention of strangles. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 19(1): 123-134.
Walshe, N., Johnston, J., MacCarthy, E. and Duggan, V.E. (2012). “Strangles” in less regulated sectors of the Irish horse industry. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 32(2): 633-647.
Whelchel, D.D. and Chaffin M.K. (2009). Sequelae and complications of Streptococcus equi subspecies equi infections in the horse. Equine Veterinary Education, 21(3): 135-14.
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Al-Ghamdi, G.M. (2012). Serology study of Streptococcus equi in Saudi Arabia. Veterinary
Research, 5(5): 107-109.
Al-Gharban, H.A.A.J. (2017). Seroepidemiological detection and culture utilization for diagnosis of carrier horses and donkeys with strangles. Journal of College of Education, 28(1): 649-660.
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (2001). Infectious upper respiratory disease in U.S. horses: Laboratory results for Influenza serology and nasal swab culture for Streptococcus Isolation. No: 343.
Clark, C., Greenwood, S., Boison, J.O., Chirino-Trejo, M. and Dowling, P.M. (2008). Bacterial isolates from equine infections in western Canada (1998–2003). Canadian Veterinary Journal, 49(2): 153-160.
Harrington, D.J., Sutcliffe, I.C. and Chanter, N. (2002). The molecular basis of Streptococcus equi infection and disease. Microbes and Infections, 4(4): 501-510.
Hashemi Mehrijardi, H., Pormahdi Borujeni, M., Ghadrdan Mashhadi, A. and Siefi Abad Shapori, M. (2018). Seroprevalence and risk factors of equine influenza virus infection in horses of Khuzestan province. Journal of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 1(45): 43-54. [In Persian]
Hassanpour, A., Rezaei Saber, A.P. and Mofakhami, F. (2013). Serologic investigation of the prevalence of equine infectious anemia virus in Tabriz area. Journal of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 2(14): 837-841. [In Persian]
Hassanpour, A. and Fartashvand, M. (2013). Serumic concentration of cardiac troponin and some enzymes in horses with strangles. Journal of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 6(4): 1703-1708. [In Persian]
Holden, M.T., Heather, Z., Paillot, R., Steward, K.F., Webb, K., Ainslie, F., et al. (2009). Genomic evidence for the evolution of Streptococcus equi: host restriction, increased virulence, and genetic exchange with human pathogens. PLOS Pathogens, 5(3): 1-14.
Ijaz, M., Khan, M.S., Dourani, A.Z., Saleem, M.H., Chaudhry, A.S., Ali, M.M., et al. (2012). Prevalence and Biochemical Studies of Strangles (Streptococcus equi) Affected horses in Pakistan. Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 22(2): 295-299.
Jannatabadi, A.A., Mohammadi, G.R., Rad, M. and Maleki, M. (2008). Molecular identification of Streptococcus equi subsp. equi and Streptococcus equi subsp. Zooepidemicus in nasal swabs samples from horse suffering respiratory infections in Iran. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 11(3): 468-471.
Jorm, L.R. (1991). Strangles in horse studs: incidence, risk factors and effect of vaccination. Australian Veterinary Journal, 68(8): 282-283.
Kazemi Asl, S.A., Hassanpour, A. and Amoughli Tabrizi, B. (2013). Comparative assessment the serum values of Iron, phosphorous and cobalt in both healthy and horses with strangles. European Journal of Experimental Biology, 3(1): 513-518.
Knowles, E.J., Mair, T.S., Butcher, N., Waller, A.S. and Wood, J.L. (2010). Use of a novel serological test for exposure to Streptococcus equi subspecies equi in hospitalised horses. Veterinary Record, 166(10): 294.
Libardoni, F., Machado, G., Gressler, L.L., Kowalski, A.P., Diehl, G.N., Santos, A.S.D., et al. (2016). Prevalence of Streptococcus equi subsp. equi in horses and associated risk factors in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Research in Veterinary Science, 104(2): 53-57.
Ling, A.S., Upjohn, M.M., Webb, K., Waller, A.S. and Verheyen, K.L. (2011). Seroprevalence of Streptococcus equi in working horses in Lesotho. Veterinary Record, 169(3): 72.
Mohammadi, A., Pourmahdi Borujeni, M., Gharibi, D. and Ghadrdan Mashhadi, A. (2016). A serological survey on strangles disease in horses of some areas in Khuzestan province by ELISA. Journal of Veterinary Research, 71(4): 373-379. [In Persian]
Meehan, M., Lynagh, Y., Woods, C. and Owen, P. (2001). The fibrinogen-binding protein (FgBP) of Streptococcus equi subsp. equi additionally binds IgG and contributes to virulence in a mouse model. Microbiology, 147(12): 3311-3322.
Mir, I.A., Kumar, B., Taku, A., Faridi, F., Bhat, M.A., Baba, N.A., et al. (2013). Bacteriological and molecular detection of Streptococcus equi subsp. equi and Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus in equines of Northern India. Journal of Equine Sciences, 24(3): 53-55.
Moraes, C.M., Vargas, A.P.C., Leite, F.P.L., Nogueira, C.E.W. and Turnes, C.G. (2009). Strangles: etiology, diagnosis and control. Ciencia Rural, 39(6): 1944-1952.
Newton, J.R., Verheyen, K., Talbot, N.C., Timoney, J.F., Wood J.L.N., Lakhani K.H. et al. (2000). Control of strangles outbreaks by isolation of guttural pouch carriers identified using PCR and culture of Streptococcus equi. Equine Veterinary Journal, 32(6): 515-526.
Noormohamadzadeh, F., Abdollahpour, F.G. and Khajeh-Nasiri, S.M. (1992). Epizootiological investigation of strangles in the equine stables in Tehran. Journal of Equine Veterinary Sciences, 12(6): 401-402.
Davidson, A., Traub-Dargatz, J.L., Magnuson,R., Hill, A., Irwin, V., Newton, R., et al. (2008). Lack of correlation between antibody titers to firinogen-binding protein of Streptococcus equi and persistent carriers of strangles. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 20(4): 457-462.
Robinson C., Steward, K.F., Potts, N., Barker C., Hammond, T.A., Pierce, K., et al. (2013). Combining two serological assays optimises sensitivity and specificity for the identification of Streptococcus equi subsp. equi exposure. Veterinary Journal, 197(2): 188-191.
Sellon, D. (2013). Equine Infectious Diseases. 2nd ed., Saunders, pp: 265-276.
Sweeney, C.R., Timoney, J.F., Newton, J.R. and Hines, M.T. (2005). Streptococcus equi infections in horses: guidelines for treatment, control and prevention of strangles. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 19(1): 123-134.
Walshe, N., Johnston, J., MacCarthy, E. and Duggan, V.E. (2012). “Strangles” in less regulated sectors of the Irish horse industry. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 32(2): 633-647.
Whelchel, D.D. and Chaffin M.K. (2009). Sequelae and complications of Streptococcus equi subspecies equi infections in the horse. Equine Veterinary Education, 21(3): 135-14.