اثرات بیوشیمیایی عصاره الکلی برگ زیتون در موش‌های صحرایی اواریکتومی‌شده
محورهای موضوعی : آسیب شناسی درمانگاهی دامپزشکیمحمدرضا نصیرزاده 1 , جعفر رحمانی کهنموئی 2
1 - استادیار گروه فیزیولوژی، دانشکده دامپزشکی، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران.
2 - گروه کلینیکال پاتولوژی/دانشکده دامپزشکی/دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی/تبریز،ایران.
کلید واژه: موش صحرایی, اواریکتومی, عصاره برگ زیتون, اثرات بیوشیمیائی,
چکیده مقاله :
نبود استروژن در زنان یائسه و حیوانات اواریکتومی شده موجب اختلالات متابولیسم لیپیدی ،افزایش وزن وتجمع چربی در بافت های غیرچربی از جمله کبد می شود. از طرف دیگر درمان با استروژن جایگزین، ممکن است باعث عوارضی از قبیل سرطان پستان گردد. برگ زیتون منبع قابل ملاحظه ای از ترکیبات فعال فنلی است که این ترکیبات ظرفیت آنتی اکسیدانی، ضد التهابی و پاک کنندگی رادیکالی مناسبی دارند. هدف از این مطالعه ارزیابی اثرات عصاره برگ زیتون بر سطح سرمی آنزیم های کبدی، لیپید و لیپوپروتئین ها و شاخص آترواسکلروزیس بود. بدین منظور 21 سر موش صحرایی ماده ویستار به طور تصادفی به 3 گروه برابر تقسیم شدند. 1) گروه کنترل شامل موش های سالم دست نخورده،2) گروه اواریکتومی شده شامل موش هایی که تخمدان شان به روش جراحی برداشت شد و 3) گروه تیمار شامل موش هائی که عصاره برگ زیتون را با دز 100 میلی گرم به ازاء هر کیلوگرم وزن بدن به مدت 8 هفته از طریق گاواژ و به صورت محلول در آب آشامیدنی دریافت کردند. در پایان دوره مطالعه، سطح سرمی پروفایل چربی و آنزیم های کبدی اندازه گیری شد. در گروه اواریکتومی‌شده وزن بدن نسبت به گروه کنترل به طور معنی داری افزایش یافت (000/0p=). همچنین اواریکتومی باعث افزایش معنی دار آنزیم های کبدی و پروفایل چربی سرم نسبت به گروه کنترل گردید (03/0p=). این مطالعه نشان داد که تجویز خوراکی عصاره برگ زیتون به مدت 8 هفته به میزان 100 میلی گرم به ازاء هر کیلوگرم وزن بدن از افزایش سطح سرمی پروفایل چربی، آنزیم های کبدی و شاخص آترواسکلروزیس در موش صحرایی اواریکتومی شده جلوگیری می کند.
Estrogen depletion in postmenopausal women and ovariectomized animals causes abnormalities in lipid metabolism, weight gain and fat accumulation in non-adipose tissues such as liver. On the other hand, estrogen replacement therapy may cause side effects including breast cancer. Olive leaf is a significant source of bioactive phenolic compounds with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and radical scavenging capacity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Olive Leaf Extract (OLE) on liver enzymes, serum lipid profileand atherogenic index. For this purpose, 21 female Wistar rats were randomly allocated into 3 groups: 1- control (intact animals), 2- ovariectomized: OVX ( ovaries removed by surgery) and 3- treatment group (OVX+received OLE) Which received 100 mg/kg OLE in 0.5 ml drinking water using gavage for 8 weeks. At the end of the treatment, levels of liver enzymes and serum lipid profiles were measured. Body weight was increased significantly in OVX group in comparison to control group (pp˂0.05).This study showed that oral administration of 100 mg/kg/day of OLE for 8 weeks can prevent increase of lipid profile, liver enzymes and atherogenic index in serum of ovariectomized rats.
● Ahmadvand, H., Noori, A., Ghasemi Dehnoo, M., Bagheri, S. and Cheraghi, R. (2014). Hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antiatherogenic effects of oleuropein in alloxan-induced Type 1 diabetic rats. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease, Supple 1: 421-425.
●Al-Majed, A.A., Al-Omar, F.A. and Nagi, M.N. (2006). Neuroprotective effects of Thymoquinine against transient forebrain ischemia in the rat hippocampus. European Journal of Pharmacology, 543(1-3): 40-47.
● Babaei, P., Mehdizadeh, R., MoeinAnsar, M. and Damirchi, A. (2010). Effects of ovariectomy and estrogen replacement therapy on visceral adipose tissue and serum adiponectin levels in rats. Menopause International, 16: 100-104.
● Ghosian Moghaddam, M.H., Masomi, Y. and Razavian, M. (2013). The effect of oral consumption of olive leaves on serum glucose level and lipid profile of diabetic rats. Journal of Basic and Clinical Pathophysiology, 1(2): 39-44.
● Jemai, H., Fki, I., Bouaziz, M, Bouallagui, Z., ELFeki, A. and Isoda, H. (2008). Lipid-Lowering and Antioxidant Effects of Hydroxytyrosol and Its Triacetylated Derivative Recovered from Olive Tree Leaves in Cholesterol-Fed Rats. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 56(8): 2630-2636.
● Lucas, E.A., Chen, T.Y., Chai, S.C., Devareddy, L., Juma, S., Wei, C.I., et al. (2006). Effect of vitamin E on lipid parameters in ovariectomized rats. Journal of Medicinal Food, 9(1): 77-83.
● Mohagheghi, F., Bigdeli, M.R., Rasoulian, B., Hashemi, P. and Pour, M.R. (2011). The neuroprotective effect of olive leaf extract is related to improved blood-brain barrier permeability and brain edema in rat with experimental focal cerebral ischemia. Phytomedicine, 18(2-3): 170-175.
● Muñoz-Castañeda, J.R., Muntané, J., Herencia, C., Muñoz, M.C., Bujalance, I., Montilla, P., et al. (2006). Ovariectomy exacerbates oxidative stress and cardiopathy induced by Adriamycin. Gynecology Endocrinology, 22(2): 74-79.
● Nasirzadeh, M.R., Khayat Nouri, M.H., Nourazar, A.R. and Rahmani, J. (2011). Effect of metabolic soy extract on serum levels of lipid and lipoproteins in ovariectomized rats. Feyz, 15(2): 91-7. [In Persian]
● Nan, J.N., Ververis, K., Bollu, S., Rodd. A.L., Swarup, O. and Karagiannis, T.C. (2014). Biological effects of the olive polyphenol, hydroxytyrosol: An extra view from genome-wide transcriptome analysis. Hellenic Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 17(1): 62-69.
● Omar, S.H. (2010a). Oleuropein in olive and its pharmacological effects. Scientia Pharmaceutica, 78(2): 133-154.
● Omar, S.H. (2010b). Cardio protective and neuroprotective roles of oleuropein in olive. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 18(3): 111-121.
● Oh, H.Y., Lim, S., Lee, J.M., Kim, D.Y., Ann, E.S. and Yoon, S. (2007). A combination of soy isoflavone supplementation and exercise improves lipid profiles and protects antioxidant defense-systems against exercise-induced oxidative stress in ovariectomized rats. BioFactors, 29(4): 175-185.
● Olarewaju, M.O., Onyeneke, E.C., Godwin, C.O. and Eidangbe, G.O. (2009). Effects of soy protein on selected enzymes in tissues of rats fed a cholesterol diet. International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences, 1(9): 400-406.
●Olmez, E., Vural, K., Gok, S., Ozturk, Z., Kayalar, H., Ayhan, S., et al. (2015). Olive leaf extract improves the atherogenic lipid profile in rats fed a high cholesterol diet. Phytotherapy Research, 10.1002/ptr.5445.
● Özlem, S., Aslan, T. and Tülay, A.Ç. (2013). Antioxidant, cytotoxic and apoptotic activities of extracts from medicinal plant Euphorbia platyphyllosL. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 7(19): 1293-1304.
● Rodrigues, M.F., Stotzer, U.S., Domingos, M.M., Deminice, R., Shiguemoto, G.E., Tomaz, L.M., et al. (2013). Effects of ovariectomy and resistance training on oxidative stress markers in the rat liver. Clinics, 68(9): 1247-1254.
● Salim, S.A. (2013). Thymoquinone Treatment Alleviate Ovariectomy-Induced Hepatic Oxidative Damage in Rats. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 3(6): 126-131.
● Shinoda, M., Latour, M.G. and Lavoie, J.M. (2002). Effects of physical training on body composition and organ weights in ovariectomized and hyperstrogenic rats. International Journal of Obesity, 26(3): 335-343.
● Tavafi, M., Ahmadvand, H. and Toolabi, P. (2012). Inhibitory Effect of Olive Leaf Extract on Gentamicin-induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats. Iranian Journal of Kidney Diseases, 6(1): 25-32.
● Vuković, R., Blažetić, S., Oršolić, I.H.M., Vari, S.G., Gajdoš, M. (2014). Impact of ovariectomy, high fat diet, and lifestyle modifications onoxidative/antioxidative status in the rat liver. Croatian Medical Journal, 55(3): 218-227.
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● Ahmadvand, H., Noori, A., Ghasemi Dehnoo, M., Bagheri, S. and Cheraghi, R. (2014). Hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antiatherogenic effects of oleuropein in alloxan-induced Type 1 diabetic rats. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease, Supple 1: 421-425.
●Al-Majed, A.A., Al-Omar, F.A. and Nagi, M.N. (2006). Neuroprotective effects of Thymoquinine against transient forebrain ischemia in the rat hippocampus. European Journal of Pharmacology, 543(1-3): 40-47.
● Babaei, P., Mehdizadeh, R., MoeinAnsar, M. and Damirchi, A. (2010). Effects of ovariectomy and estrogen replacement therapy on visceral adipose tissue and serum adiponectin levels in rats. Menopause International, 16: 100-104.
● Ghosian Moghaddam, M.H., Masomi, Y. and Razavian, M. (2013). The effect of oral consumption of olive leaves on serum glucose level and lipid profile of diabetic rats. Journal of Basic and Clinical Pathophysiology, 1(2): 39-44.
● Jemai, H., Fki, I., Bouaziz, M, Bouallagui, Z., ELFeki, A. and Isoda, H. (2008). Lipid-Lowering and Antioxidant Effects of Hydroxytyrosol and Its Triacetylated Derivative Recovered from Olive Tree Leaves in Cholesterol-Fed Rats. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 56(8): 2630-2636.
● Lucas, E.A., Chen, T.Y., Chai, S.C., Devareddy, L., Juma, S., Wei, C.I., et al. (2006). Effect of vitamin E on lipid parameters in ovariectomized rats. Journal of Medicinal Food, 9(1): 77-83.
● Mohagheghi, F., Bigdeli, M.R., Rasoulian, B., Hashemi, P. and Pour, M.R. (2011). The neuroprotective effect of olive leaf extract is related to improved blood-brain barrier permeability and brain edema in rat with experimental focal cerebral ischemia. Phytomedicine, 18(2-3): 170-175.
● Muñoz-Castañeda, J.R., Muntané, J., Herencia, C., Muñoz, M.C., Bujalance, I., Montilla, P., et al. (2006). Ovariectomy exacerbates oxidative stress and cardiopathy induced by Adriamycin. Gynecology Endocrinology, 22(2): 74-79.
● Nasirzadeh, M.R., Khayat Nouri, M.H., Nourazar, A.R. and Rahmani, J. (2011). Effect of metabolic soy extract on serum levels of lipid and lipoproteins in ovariectomized rats. Feyz, 15(2): 91-7. [In Persian]
● Nan, J.N., Ververis, K., Bollu, S., Rodd. A.L., Swarup, O. and Karagiannis, T.C. (2014). Biological effects of the olive polyphenol, hydroxytyrosol: An extra view from genome-wide transcriptome analysis. Hellenic Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 17(1): 62-69.
● Omar, S.H. (2010a). Oleuropein in olive and its pharmacological effects. Scientia Pharmaceutica, 78(2): 133-154.
● Omar, S.H. (2010b). Cardio protective and neuroprotective roles of oleuropein in olive. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 18(3): 111-121.
● Oh, H.Y., Lim, S., Lee, J.M., Kim, D.Y., Ann, E.S. and Yoon, S. (2007). A combination of soy isoflavone supplementation and exercise improves lipid profiles and protects antioxidant defense-systems against exercise-induced oxidative stress in ovariectomized rats. BioFactors, 29(4): 175-185.
● Olarewaju, M.O., Onyeneke, E.C., Godwin, C.O. and Eidangbe, G.O. (2009). Effects of soy protein on selected enzymes in tissues of rats fed a cholesterol diet. International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences, 1(9): 400-406.
●Olmez, E., Vural, K., Gok, S., Ozturk, Z., Kayalar, H., Ayhan, S., et al. (2015). Olive leaf extract improves the atherogenic lipid profile in rats fed a high cholesterol diet. Phytotherapy Research, 10.1002/ptr.5445.
● Özlem, S., Aslan, T. and Tülay, A.Ç. (2013). Antioxidant, cytotoxic and apoptotic activities of extracts from medicinal plant Euphorbia platyphyllosL. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 7(19): 1293-1304.
● Rodrigues, M.F., Stotzer, U.S., Domingos, M.M., Deminice, R., Shiguemoto, G.E., Tomaz, L.M., et al. (2013). Effects of ovariectomy and resistance training on oxidative stress markers in the rat liver. Clinics, 68(9): 1247-1254.
● Salim, S.A. (2013). Thymoquinone Treatment Alleviate Ovariectomy-Induced Hepatic Oxidative Damage in Rats. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 3(6): 126-131.
● Shinoda, M., Latour, M.G. and Lavoie, J.M. (2002). Effects of physical training on body composition and organ weights in ovariectomized and hyperstrogenic rats. International Journal of Obesity, 26(3): 335-343.
● Tavafi, M., Ahmadvand, H. and Toolabi, P. (2012). Inhibitory Effect of Olive Leaf Extract on Gentamicin-induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats. Iranian Journal of Kidney Diseases, 6(1): 25-32.
● Vuković, R., Blažetić, S., Oršolić, I.H.M., Vari, S.G., Gajdoš, M. (2014). Impact of ovariectomy, high fat diet, and lifestyle modifications onoxidative/antioxidative status in the rat liver. Croatian Medical Journal, 55(3): 218-227.