تأثیر مکملسازی پودر آویشن شیرازی (Zataria multiflora) بر شاخص رشد و فاکتورهای سرمی ماهی کپور معمولی (Cyprinus carpio)
محورهای موضوعی :
آسیب شناسی درمانگاهی دامپزشکی
نسرین چوبکار
1
,
شاپور کاکولکی
2
,
محیا رضایی منش
3
,
فروغ محمدی
4
,
لیلا صفرخانلو
5
1 - استادیار گروه شیلات، واحد کرمانشاه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرمانشاه، ایران.
2 - دانشیار گروه بهداشت و بیماریهای آبزیان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، تهران، ایران.
3 - دانشآموخته کارشناسی ارشد اکولوژی آبزیان، گروه علوم محیط زیست، دانشکده محیط زیست، دانشگاه محیط زیست، کرج، ایران.
4 - استادیار گروه دامپزشکی، واحد کرمانشاه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرمانشاه، ایران
5 - دانشآموخته دکتری گروه شیلات، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
تاریخ دریافت : 1395/10/30
تاریخ پذیرش : 1396/05/04
تاریخ انتشار : 1396/04/01
کلید واژه:
شاخصهای رشد,
ماهی کپور معمولی,
آویشن شیرازی,
فاکتورهای سرمی,
چکیده مقاله :
استفاده از گیاهان دارویی میتواند در افزایش رشد آبزیان و ارتقاء سطح ایمنی غیراختصاصی بهمنظور افزایش مقاومت در برابر بیماریها در بخش آبزی پروری مؤثر باشد. گیاه آویشن شیرازی (Zataria multiflora) از خانواده نعناعیان یکی از این گیاهان است که بیشترین ترکیبات آن شامل تیمول و کارواکرول بوده و خواص ضد میکروبی و ضد قارچی آن به خوبی شناخته شده است. لذا هدف از انجام این مطالعه بررسی تأثیر دوزهای مختلف خوراکی پودر آویشن شیرازی بر شاخصهای رشد و پارامترهای سرمی کپور معمولی (Cyprinus carpio) جوان بوده است. از اینرو تعداد 240 قطعه ماهی کپور با وزن اولیه 13/27±5/20 گرم در 4 گروه برابر به طور تصادفی توزیع گردیدند و با مکمل سازی پودر آویشن شیرازی در قالب 4 فرمول غذایی با میزان 0 (کنترل یا گروه 1)، 50 ( گروه دوم)، 100 (گروه سوم) و نهایتاً 150 (گروه چهارم) در میلیون غذا، با اندازه 4-3 میلیمتر و در 3 تا 4 نوبت در روز و به میزان 4-3 درصد وزن بدن به مدت 8 هفته غذادهی شدند. نرخ رشد ویژه و پارامترهای سرمیمشتمل بر پروتئین تام، آلبومین و گلوبولین مورد سنجش قرار گرفت و با استفاده از آزمون تحلیل واریانس یکطرفه اختلاف مقادیر متغیرهای مورد بررسی در تیمارهای مختلف مورد مقایسه واقع شد. میانگین وزنی در گروه 3 (37/4±11/57 گرم) به طور معنیداری) 05/0p<) از گروه شاهد (61/2±49/38 گرم) با کمینه میانگین وزنی و سایر گروهها بیشتر بود. نرخ رشد ویژه نیز از این الگو تبعیت کرده و میانگین آن در گروه 3 (17/0±83/1 درصد) از سایر گروهها از جمله گروه کنترل با کمینه مقدار میانگین نرخ رشد ویژه (14/0±08/1 درصد) به طور معنیداری (05/0p<) بیشتر بود. وجود اختلاف معنیدار در میزان فاکتورهای سرمی پروتئین تام(005/0=p) و گلوبولین(017/0=p) بین همه گروه ها محرز بود. بر اساس نتایج به دست آمده، پودر آویشن شیرازی نقش نسبتاً مؤثری در بهبود رشد و شاخصهای سرمی کپور ماهی معمولی دارد.
چکیده انگلیسی:
The use of medicinal plants can be effective in increasing the growth of aquatic organisms and to promote a non-specific immune level to increase resistance to diseases in aquaculture. Zataria multiflora, a plant of the Lamiaceae family, is an example of such medicinal plants containing mainly thymol and carvacrol, with well-known antimicrobial and anti-fungal properties. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different doses of thyme powder (Zataria multflora) on growth performance and serumic parameters of young common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Therefore, two hundred and forty fish, with initial weight of 20/27±5.13 g, were distributed among the treatments. Food was made with adding the powdered thyme in 4 formulations with 0 (control or Group 1), 50 (Group II), 100 (Group III) and eventually 150 ppm (Group IV) with a size of 4.3 mm. It was fed to the fish 3 to 4 times a day at a rate of 3-4% of their body weight, for 8 weeks. Specific growth rate and serumic parameters including total protein, albumin and globulin were measured and one-way ANOVA was used to compare the differences in the values of the variables studied in different treatments. Results showed that the average weight in group 3 (57/11±4/37) was significantly (p<0/05) increased compared to the control group (38/49±2/61) and other treatments. Specific growth rate followed this pattern and the average of group 3 (1/87±0/17) was significantly (p<0/05) greater than the control as the minimum value (1/08±0/14) and the other groups. There was a significant difference in the amounts of total protein (p=0/005) and globulin (p=0/017) between the 4 groups. Based on the results, powdered thyme is effective in improving growth and serumic parameters of common carp (C. carpio).
منابع و مأخذ:
Akbary, P., Ghareghani poor, M. and Fereidouni, M.S. (2015). Effects of Zataria multiflora Boiss and Mentha pulegium Lextracts on Phagocytosis, Lysozyme, Respiratory Burst and Blood Cells of Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum). Journal of Veterinary Research, 70(4): 447-454. [In Persian]
· Ali, M.S., Saleem, M., Akhtar, F., Jahangir, M., Parvez, M. and Ahmad, V.U. (1999). Three p-cymene derivatives from Zataria multiflora. Phytochemistry, 52(4): 685-688.
· Ali, M.S., Saleem, M., Ali, Z. and Ahmad, V.U. (2000). Chemistry of Zataria multiflora (lamiaceae). Phytochemistry, 55(8): 933-936.
· Bureau, D.P., Harris, A.M. and Cho, C.Y. (1998). The effects of purified alcohol extracts from soy products on feed intake and growth of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture, 161(1): 27-43.
· Can Baser, K. (2008). Biological and pharmacological activities of carvacrol and carvacrol bearing essential oils. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 14 (29): 3106-3119.
· Choobkar, N., Soltani, M., Ebrahimzadeh Mousavi, H., Akhonzadeh Basti, A. and Matinfar, A. (2010). Effect of Zataria multiflora Boiss essential oil on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus in the light salted fillets of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix). Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 9 (3): 352-359.
· Dacie, J.V. and Lewis, S.M. (2001). Miscellaneous tests, Dacie and Lewis Practical Haematology. 10th ed., Churchill Livingstone, pp: 736.
· Grant, K.R. (2015). Fish hematology and associated disorders. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice, 18(1): 83-103.
· Harikrishnan, R., Balasundaram, C. and Heo, M.S. (2012). Effect of Inonotus obliquus enriched diet on hematology, immune response, and disease protection in kelp grouper, Epinephelus bruneus against Vibrio harveyi. Aquaculture, 344: 48-53.
· Hosseinzadeh, H., Ramezani, M. and Salmani, G.A. (2000). Antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and acute toxicity effects of Zataria multiflora Boiss extracts in mice and rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 73(3): 379-385.
· Iran Ministry of Health and Medicine (2002). Iranian Herbal Pharmacopoeia, Ministry of Health and Medical Publications, Tehran, pp: 51-56. [In Persian]
· Kakoolaki, S., Akbary, P., Zorriehzahra, M. J., Salehi, H., Sepahdari, A., Afsharnasab, M., et al. (2016). Camellia sinensis supplemented diet enhances the innate non-specific responses, haematological parameters and growth performance in Mugil cephalus against Photobacterium damselae. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 57: 379-385.
· Mohagheghzadeh, A., Shams‐Ardakani, M. and Ghannadi, A. (2000). Volatile constituents of callus and flower‐bearing tops of Zataria multiflora Boiss. (Lamiaceae). Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 15(6): 373-376.
· Mozaffarian, V. (1996). A dictionary of Iranian plant names. Iran: Tehran, Farhang Mo'aser, pp: 756. [In Persian]
· Pakravan, S., Hajimoradloo, A. and Ghorbani, R. (2012). Effect of dietary willow herb, Epilobium hirsutum extract on growth performance, body composition, haematological parameters and Aeromonas hydrophila challenge on common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Aquaculture Research, 43(6): 861-86.
· Sahu, S., Das, B., Mishra, B., Pradhan, J. and Sarangi, N. (2007). Effect of Allium sativum on the immunity and survival of Labeo rohita infected with Aeromonas hydrophila. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 23(1): 80-86.
· Sakai, M., Taniguchi, K., Mamoto, K., Ogawa, H. and Tabata, M. (2001). Immunostimulant effects of nucleotide isolated from yeast RNA on carp, Cyprinus carpio L. Journal of Fish Diseases, 24(8): 433-438.
· Shafiee, A., Javidnia, K. and Tabatabai, M. (1999). Volatile constituents and antimicrobial activity of Zataria multiflora, population Iran. Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering (IJCCE), 18(1): 1-5.
· Sharif Rohani, M., Ebrahimzadeh Mousavi, H., Khosravi, A., Mokhayer, B., Bahonar, A., Mirzargar, S., et al. (2006). Evaluation of Geranium herbarum essence application in control of fungal contamination in Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) eggs. Journal of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 61(3): 269-272.
· Sharif Rohani, M., Masoumzadeh, M., Haghighi, M., Jalilpoor, J., Pourdehghani, M., Shenavar Masouleh, A., et al. (2013). Effects of oral administration of Zataria multiflora essential oil on some blood and serum parameters in Acipenser persicus. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 12(4): 908-915.
· Sharif Roohani, M., Haghighi, M., Assaeian, H. and Lashtoo Aghaee, G.R. (2007). A study of the anesthetic effect of Zataria multiflora Boiss. (Labiatae) essence on Oncorhynchus mykiss and cultured Salmo trutta caspius. Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal, 16: 99-106. [In Persian]
· Sheikhzadeh, N., Soltani, M., Ebrahimzadeh-Mousavi, H.A., Shahbazian, N. and Norouzi, M. (2011). Effects of Zataria multiflora and Eucalyptus globolus essential oils on haematological parameters and respiratory burst activity in Cyprinus carpio. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 10(2): 316-323.
· Soltani, M., Sheikhzadeh, N., Ebrahimzadeh-Mousavi, H.A. and Zargar, A. (2010). Effects of Zataria multiflora essential oil on innate immune responses of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic science, 5(3): 191-199.
· Xie, J., Liu, B., Zhou, Q., Su, Y., He, Y., Pan, L., et al. (2008). Effects of anthraquinone extract from rhubarb Rheum officinale Bail on the crowding stress response and growth of common carp Cyprinus carpio var. Jian. Aquaculture, 281(1): 5-11.
_||_Akbary, P., Ghareghani poor, M. and Fereidouni, M.S. (2015). Effects of Zataria multiflora Boiss and Mentha pulegium Lextracts on Phagocytosis, Lysozyme, Respiratory Burst and Blood Cells of Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum). Journal of Veterinary Research, 70(4): 447-454. [In Persian]
· Ali, M.S., Saleem, M., Akhtar, F., Jahangir, M., Parvez, M. and Ahmad, V.U. (1999). Three p-cymene derivatives from Zataria multiflora. Phytochemistry, 52(4): 685-688.
· Ali, M.S., Saleem, M., Ali, Z. and Ahmad, V.U. (2000). Chemistry of Zataria multiflora (lamiaceae). Phytochemistry, 55(8): 933-936.
· Bureau, D.P., Harris, A.M. and Cho, C.Y. (1998). The effects of purified alcohol extracts from soy products on feed intake and growth of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture, 161(1): 27-43.
· Can Baser, K. (2008). Biological and pharmacological activities of carvacrol and carvacrol bearing essential oils. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 14 (29): 3106-3119.
· Choobkar, N., Soltani, M., Ebrahimzadeh Mousavi, H., Akhonzadeh Basti, A. and Matinfar, A. (2010). Effect of Zataria multiflora Boiss essential oil on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus in the light salted fillets of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix). Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 9 (3): 352-359.
· Dacie, J.V. and Lewis, S.M. (2001). Miscellaneous tests, Dacie and Lewis Practical Haematology. 10th ed., Churchill Livingstone, pp: 736.
· Grant, K.R. (2015). Fish hematology and associated disorders. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice, 18(1): 83-103.
· Harikrishnan, R., Balasundaram, C. and Heo, M.S. (2012). Effect of Inonotus obliquus enriched diet on hematology, immune response, and disease protection in kelp grouper, Epinephelus bruneus against Vibrio harveyi. Aquaculture, 344: 48-53.
· Hosseinzadeh, H., Ramezani, M. and Salmani, G.A. (2000). Antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and acute toxicity effects of Zataria multiflora Boiss extracts in mice and rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 73(3): 379-385.
· Iran Ministry of Health and Medicine (2002). Iranian Herbal Pharmacopoeia, Ministry of Health and Medical Publications, Tehran, pp: 51-56. [In Persian]
· Kakoolaki, S., Akbary, P., Zorriehzahra, M. J., Salehi, H., Sepahdari, A., Afsharnasab, M., et al. (2016). Camellia sinensis supplemented diet enhances the innate non-specific responses, haematological parameters and growth performance in Mugil cephalus against Photobacterium damselae. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 57: 379-385.
· Mohagheghzadeh, A., Shams‐Ardakani, M. and Ghannadi, A. (2000). Volatile constituents of callus and flower‐bearing tops of Zataria multiflora Boiss. (Lamiaceae). Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 15(6): 373-376.
· Mozaffarian, V. (1996). A dictionary of Iranian plant names. Iran: Tehran, Farhang Mo'aser, pp: 756. [In Persian]
· Pakravan, S., Hajimoradloo, A. and Ghorbani, R. (2012). Effect of dietary willow herb, Epilobium hirsutum extract on growth performance, body composition, haematological parameters and Aeromonas hydrophila challenge on common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Aquaculture Research, 43(6): 861-86.
· Sahu, S., Das, B., Mishra, B., Pradhan, J. and Sarangi, N. (2007). Effect of Allium sativum on the immunity and survival of Labeo rohita infected with Aeromonas hydrophila. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 23(1): 80-86.
· Sakai, M., Taniguchi, K., Mamoto, K., Ogawa, H. and Tabata, M. (2001). Immunostimulant effects of nucleotide isolated from yeast RNA on carp, Cyprinus carpio L. Journal of Fish Diseases, 24(8): 433-438.
· Shafiee, A., Javidnia, K. and Tabatabai, M. (1999). Volatile constituents and antimicrobial activity of Zataria multiflora, population Iran. Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering (IJCCE), 18(1): 1-5.
· Sharif Rohani, M., Ebrahimzadeh Mousavi, H., Khosravi, A., Mokhayer, B., Bahonar, A., Mirzargar, S., et al. (2006). Evaluation of Geranium herbarum essence application in control of fungal contamination in Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) eggs. Journal of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 61(3): 269-272.
· Sharif Rohani, M., Masoumzadeh, M., Haghighi, M., Jalilpoor, J., Pourdehghani, M., Shenavar Masouleh, A., et al. (2013). Effects of oral administration of Zataria multiflora essential oil on some blood and serum parameters in Acipenser persicus. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 12(4): 908-915.
· Sharif Roohani, M., Haghighi, M., Assaeian, H. and Lashtoo Aghaee, G.R. (2007). A study of the anesthetic effect of Zataria multiflora Boiss. (Labiatae) essence on Oncorhynchus mykiss and cultured Salmo trutta caspius. Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal, 16: 99-106. [In Persian]
· Sheikhzadeh, N., Soltani, M., Ebrahimzadeh-Mousavi, H.A., Shahbazian, N. and Norouzi, M. (2011). Effects of Zataria multiflora and Eucalyptus globolus essential oils on haematological parameters and respiratory burst activity in Cyprinus carpio. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 10(2): 316-323.
· Soltani, M., Sheikhzadeh, N., Ebrahimzadeh-Mousavi, H.A. and Zargar, A. (2010). Effects of Zataria multiflora essential oil on innate immune responses of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic science, 5(3): 191-199.
· Xie, J., Liu, B., Zhou, Q., Su, Y., He, Y., Pan, L., et al. (2008). Effects of anthraquinone extract from rhubarb Rheum officinale Bail on the crowding stress response and growth of common carp Cyprinus carpio var. Jian. Aquaculture, 281(1): 5-11.