بکارگیری تکنیک آراس جهت تحلیل شاخصهای توسعه مسکن (مطالعه موردی: شهرهای کهگیلویه و بویراحمد)
محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه علمی و پژوهشی پژوهش و برنامه ریزی شهریمحمود اکبری 1 , محمد عزیزی 2 , حجت اله جهانی‌راد 3 , حجت اله پاشاپور 4
1 - دانشیار و عضو هیأت علمی دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران
2 - دکتری دفاع راهبردی ،دانشگاه عالی دفاع ملی ،مدرس دانشگاه فرماندهی و ستاد آجا، تهران ، ایران
3 - پژوهشگر دانشگاه فارابی
4 - استادیار گروه جغرافیا دانشگاه امام علی
کلید واژه: مسکن, استان کهگیلویه و بویراحمد, تکنیک آراس,
چکیده مقاله :
در کشورهای جهان دستیابی به وضعیت مطلوب مسکن یکی از شاخصهای مهم توسعه اقتصادی و اجتماعی محسوب میشود. این در حالی است که مشکلات اساسی متعددی پیش روی مدیران و برنامهریزان شهری و سیاست گزاران برای تأمین مسکن مناسب و کافی وجود دارد. پژوهش حاضر با هدف تحلیل شاخصهای بخش مسکن و ساختمان در شهرهای استان کهگیلویه و بویراحمد انجام شده است. تحقیق حاضر از لحاظ هدف کاربردی است و روش تحقیق آن از نوع تحلیلی مقایسهای است و محدودة پژوهش را 17 شهر استان کهگیلویه و بویراحمد در سال 1398 تشکیل میدهد. با استفاده از تکنیک چند شاخصه آراس سعی شده است نماگرهای منتخب مرتبط با بخش مسکن و ساختمان مورد تحلیل و ارزیابی قرار گیرد. نتایج کمی پژوهش نشان میدهد که بیشترین میزان شاخص مطلوبیت کل به شهرهای یاسوج و دوگنبدان تعلق داشته است. بالاترین امتیاز تکنیک آراس برای شاخصهای مسکن و ساختمان به شهر یاسوج (971/0) اختصاص یافته است و از این حیث میزان امتیاز شهر دوگنبدان (306/0) به دست آمده است. میزان امتیاز لیکک (139/0)، دهدشت (138/0) و سی سخت (056/0) به دست آمده است و شهرهای مزبور در کنار هم در سطح دوم قرار دارند. شهرهای لنده با کسب امتیاز (036/0)، چرام با کسب امتیاز (028/0) و مادوان با کسب امتیاز (022/0) در کنار هم در سطح سوم قرار دارند. نتایج کمی تکنیک آراس نشان میدهد که شهرهای باشت، سوق، پاتاوه، قلعه رئیسی، سرفاریاب، دیشموک، مارگون، گراب و چیتاب امتیاز ضعیفی را به دست آوردند و نیازمند توجه ویژه هستند. جهت برقراری تعادل منطقهای و حرکت به سمت توسعه پایدار شهری و منطقهای در استان کهگیلویه و بویراحمد، لازم است که سیاستهای توسعه بخش مسکن و ساختمان نگاه ویژهای به مناطق روستایی کم جمعیت و سکونتگاههای حاشیهای داشته باشد؛ در غیر این صورت شاهد افزایش نابرابریهای بیشتر در استان کهگیلویه و بویراحمد خواهیم بود.
Achieving optimal housing status in the world is one of the important indicators of economic and social development. However, there are several major problems facing city managers, planners and policymakers to provide adequate housing. The aim of this study was to analyze the indicators of housing and construction in the cities of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and its research method is comparative analytical and the scope of the research is 17 cities of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces in 2019. Using the multi characteristic Aras technique, an attempt has been made to analyze and evaluate the selected indicators related to the housing and construction sector. The quantitative results of the research show that the highest value of the total desirability index belonged to the cities of Yasuj and Dogonbadan. The highest score of Aras technique for housing and construction indicators has been assigned to Yasuj city (0/971) and in this regard, the score of Dogonbadan city (0/306) has been obtained. The score of Lekak (0/139), Dehdasht (0/138) and Sisakht (0/056) have been obtained and the mentioned cities are in the second level together. Lande with a score of (0/036), Charam with a score of (0/028) and Madwan with a score of (0/022) are next to each other in the third level. The quantitative results of Aras technique show that the cities of Basht, Sough, Pataveh, Ghale Raisi, Sarfaryab, Dishmuk, Margon, Grub and Chitab scored poorly and need special attention. In order to establish Regional balance and move towards urban and regional sustainable development in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad provinces, it is necessary that housing and building development policies have a special focus on sparsely populated rural areas and marginal settlements. Otherwise, we will see an increase in more inequalities in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province.
Extended Abstract
Introduction
Rapid and unplanned urban growth and urbanization without designing the necessary infrastructure is a threat to sustainable urban development. Rapid urban growth, high population density, and high consumption rates of residents and citizens in large cities have led to a wide range of socio-economic and environmental impacts that require the attention of the international community. This factor will have significant effects on the future stability and prosperity of the world. Urban areas in developing countries are growing rapidly. With the increasing population of cities, there are several challenges to how to manage crowded and dense areas. One of these challenges is building the physical infrastructure to support this growing population. At the same time, the development of urban infrastructure is essential for the creation of sustainable cities. This increasing growth has caused many issues and problems in cities, one of which is related to the housing issue. Housing is one of the most important outputs for human resource production. Housing after food and clothing is the third basic and vital need that has many reflections on other aspects of the life of the capital. Today, around the world, providing adequate housing is one of the main problems of managers and planners, and in the current situation, the world is facing a global housing crisis. Achieving the desired housing status in both urban and rural areas is considered as one of the indicators of economic and social development in different countries of the world. At present, due to the growth of urban population and the uncontrolled increase of rural migration, the need to study the housing situation and plan to organize it in developing countries such as Iran is a necessary issue. Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces are not separated from this situation and the present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the indicators of the housing sector in the cities of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces. To achieve this goal, using Aras multi-indicator technique, selected housing indicators in the cities of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces have been studied and analyzed.
Methodology
In the present study, which is of a comparative analytical type, using the ARAS technique, the indicators related to the housing and construction sector in the cities of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces have been analyzed. The data required for the research have been collected through the statistical yearbook of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces in 2019. The measurement tool for analyzing the research data was the Aras technique and using this technique, housing indexes in 17 cities of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces in 2019 were analyzed.
Results and discussion
According to the scores obtained by the cities of the province in the field of housing and construction sector indicators, the research hypothesis as the final score obtained from the ARAS technique for housing indicators in the cities of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces indicates inequality. Take. There is a lot of imbalance and difference between the cities of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces in terms of various indicators, including housing indicators. One of the most important reasons for this increase in inequalities is the lack of recognition of the dimensions of inequalities and incorrect executive policies to achieve the goals. The cities of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces do not have favorable conditions in terms of economic, social and cultural structures. The existence of 9 cities of Basht, Souk, Pataveh, Qalae Raisi, Sarfaryab, Dishmuk, Margon, Grub and Chitab, which get weak points, has indicated this imbalance. It can be acknowledged that this imbalance is the result of various ecological, economic, political and other factors. Yasuj city has maintained its superiority in the province due to its political centrality and superiority in various economic, social, cultural, etc. fields and its growth pole in terms of having the studied indicators. Yasuj city is one of the climatic regions of Iran that many immigrants from all over Iran, especially neighboring provinces such as Bushehr, Khuzestan and Fars, migrate to this city permanently and temporarily, and this is one of the factors along with others. Micro and macroeconomic factors and variables of the country have increased the price of land and housing in this city. The present study sought to investigate the question of which final score of housing indicators was higher in which cities of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces and which was lower. As the scores obtained from Aras technique show, the highest score of Aras technique for housing indicators is allocated to Yasuj city (0/971) and Dogonbadan city is in the second place with a score (0/306). Chitab city with the score (0/004) has the lowest score among the cities of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces
Conclusion
Achieving the desired housing status, especially in urban areas, is considered as one of the indicators of economic and social development. Housing and building indicators as a necessary tool to express the various economic, social, cultural, environmental and physical dimensions of housing are of great importance in housing planning. Recognizing the status of desirable housing indicators and reducing existing inequalities is an important issue that contributes greatly to sustainable urban development. In order to establish regional balance and move towards sustainable urban and regional development in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Provinces, it is necessary that housing and building development policies pay special attention to sparsely populated rural areas and marginal settlements; otherwise, we will see an increase in more inequalities in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province. The main challenge in the housing sector in the studied cities and the country is mostly due to the lack of coherent and integrated planning in this sector, while the failure of policies adopted in this field is the main reason for the construction recession, which not only did not reduce housing prices. , But has also led to an unreasonable increase in rents and the purchase price of housing. Housing facilities have little effect on the prosperity of construction and home ownership of people, especially the low-income groups in the cities studied and on a larger scale. That is why it is necessary to prioritize infrastructure reforms in macroeconomics
References
1- Akbari, M. (2021). Applying Codas Technique to Measure Urban Infrastructure in Metropolises of Iran. Geographical Researches, 36(3): 243-252. http://georesearch.ir/article-1-1077-fa.html [In Persian].
2- Akbari, M. (2015). Spatial analysis of educational development indicators in urban and rural areas of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, Journal of Geography and Urban-Regional Planning, 15: 69-84. https:// 10.22111/GAIJ.2015.2072 [In Persian].
3- Blumenstock, J. Maldeniya, D. Lokanathan, S. (2017). Understanding the Impact of Urban Infrastructure: New Insights from Population-Scale Data. In Proceedings of ICTD. 17(2017): 1-12. https:// DOI:10.1145/3136560.31365752.
4- Burke, T. Pinnegar, S. Phibbs, P. Neske, C. Gabriel, M. Ralston, L. Ruming, K. (2007). Experiencing the housing affordability problem: blocked aspirations, trade-offs and financial hardships, National Research Venture 3: Housing affordability for lower income Australians, Research Paper No. 9, Australian Housing and Urban Research Institute
5- Ecer, F. (2018), an integrated fuzzy AHP and Aras model to evaluate mobile banking services, Technological and economic development of Economy, 24(2): 670–695. https://doi.org/10.3846/20294913.2016.1255275
6- Fani, Z. Koozegar, L. Samani Majd, A. (2020). Comparative Analysis of Sustainable Housing Indices in Old and New Urban Texture (Case Study: Texture of Atabak and Punak Neighborhoods in Tehran), Quarterly of Research and Urban Planning, 11 (42): 137-152. https:// DOI: 20.1001.1.22285229.1399.11.42.10.1[In Persian].
7- Gabriel, M. Jacobs, K. Arthurson, K. Burke, T. Yates, J. (2005). Conceptualizing and measuring the housing affordability problem, National Research Venture 3: Housing affordability for lower income Australians Research Paper No. 1, Australian Housing and Urban Research Institute.
8- Glaeser, E. L., Gyourko, J. and Raven E. S. (2005). Why Have Housing Prices Gone Up? American Economic Review, 95 (2): 329–33. DOI: 10.1257/000282805774669961
9- Hanak, T. Marovic, I, Aigel P. (2015). Perception of Residential Environment in Cities: a Comparative Study, Procedia Engineering, 117 (2015): 495 – 501. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.08.202
10- Hsieh, C. T., and Moretti, E. (2015). Why Do Cities Matter? Local Growth and Aggregate Growth, Working Paper 21154. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research.
11- Liebelt, V. Bartke, S. Schwarz, N. (2019). Urban Green Spaces and Housing Prices: An Alternative Perspective. Sustainability, 11, 3707, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11133707
12- Lin, Y. Ma, Z. Zhao, K. Hu, W. Wei, J. (2018). The Impact of Population Migration on Urban Housing Prices: Evidence from China’s Major Cities, Sustainability, 10(9): 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10093169
13- Lukuman, M. Ibrahima, S. Fauziaha, R. Aderemic, O. S. (2017). Sustainable livable housing: A review of what traditional urban areas residents find important, International Journal of Built Environment and Sustainability, 4(3): 190-198. DOI:10.11113/ijbes.v4.n3.212
14- Marsousi, N. Ali Akbari, I. Sefahan, A. Bustan Ahmadi, V. (2021). Spatial analysis of physical characteristics of urban housing with emphasis on inequality within the region (Case study: 22 districts of Tehran metropolis), Quarterly of Research and Urban Planning, 12 (45): 36-21. DOI:10.30495/JUPM.2021.4064 [In Persian].
15- Milligan, V. Phibbs, P. Fagan, K. Gurran, N. (2004). A Practical Framework for Expanding Affordable Housing Services in Australia: Learning from Experience, Final Report No. 65, Australian Housing and Urban Research Institute.
16- Milligan, V. Phibbs, P. Gurran, N. Fagan, K. (2007). Approaches to Evaluation of Affordable Housing Initiatives in Australia, National Research Venture 3: Housing affordability for lower income Australians Research Paper No. 7, Australian Housing and Urban Research Institute.
17- Moradi, N. Ghanbari, Y. Veisi, E. Bahari, I. Yousefzadeh, E. (2015). An Investigation into Unequal Housing Indices in Rural Areas of West Azarbaijan, Journal of Research and Rural Planning, 4 (2): 51-65. DOI:10.22067/JRRP.V4I2.36421 [In Persian].
18- Pravitasari, A. E. (2015). Study on impact of urbanization and rapid urban expansion in java and jabodetabek megacity, Indonesia, Kyoto University Research Information Repository, Kyoto University.
19- Prochorskaite, A. Maliene, V. (2013). Health, Well-Being and Sustainable Housing, International Journal of Strategic Property Management, 17(1): 44-57. https://doi.org/10.3846/1648715X.2012.762949
20- Sangma, C. (2006). Housing in Urban India, for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Welsh School of Architecture, Cardiff University, Published by ProQuest LLC 2013.
21- Sarwar, R. Khaliji, M. (2015). Assessing the degree of development of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Provinces, Quarterly of Research and Urban Planning, 6 (21): 102-89. [In Persian].
22- Shamsodini, A. Sanai Moghadam, S. Balaghi, R. Rezaei, M. (2017). Measuring Citizen Satisfaction with Municipal Performance and Evaluating Individual and Social Factors Affecting It (Case Study: Dehdasht City), Quarterly of Research and Urban Planning, 8 (30): 185-204. 20.1001.1.22285229.1396.8.30.11.7[In Persian].
23- Sliogeris, E. Crabtree, L. Phibbs, P. Johnston, K. (2008). Housing Affordability Literature Review and Affordable Housing Program Audit, Urban Research Centre University of Western Sydney, Australia.
24- Statistical Yearbook of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad (2018). Statistical Yearbook of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Deputy of Statistics and Information of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Governorate, Yasuj. [In Persian].
25- Sunikka, M. (2003). Fiscal instruments in sustainable housing policies in the EU and the accession countries, European Environment, 13(4): 227–239
26- Tang, Z. (2006). The urban Housing market in a transitional economy: shanghai as a case study, Submitted to the faculty of the Graduate School in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Geography, The Indiana University.
27- Ubale, M.Y. Martin, D. Wee, S.T. (2013). Comparative study between Malaysia and Nigeria formal low cost housing policy issues, Asian Economic and Financial Review, 3(7): 923- 947. https://archive.aessweb.com/index.php/5002/article/view/1063
28- Wakely, P. (2014). Urban public housing strategies in developing countries: whence and whither paradigms, policies, programmes and projects, Development Planning Unit, The Bartlett University College London.
29- Wesołowska, J. (2016). Urban infrastructure facilities as an essential public investment for sustainable cities – indispensable but unwelcome objects of social conflicts, Case study of Warsaw, Poland, 2nd International Conference "Green Cities - Green Logistics for Greener Cities", 2-3 March 2016, Szczecin, Poland.
30- Zavadskas, E. K. Turskis, Z. Vilutiene, T. (2010). Multiple criteria analysis of foundation instalment alternatives by applying Additive Ratio Assessment (ARAS) method, Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, 10(3): 123–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1644-9665(12)60141-1
_||_