بررسی آسیب پذیری شهر شیراز از منظر پدافند غیرعامل
محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه علمی و پژوهشی پژوهش و برنامه ریزی شهری
1 - استادیار گروه مهندسی عمران، واحد فیروزاباد، مرکز میمند، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، میمند، ایران
کلید واژه: شیراز, پدافند غیرعامل, مدیریت ساخت و ساز, مدل آسیب‌پذیری,
چکیده مقاله :
آسیب‌پذیری شهری از منظر پدافند غیرعامل را می‌توان از مهم‌ترین و اساسی ترین موضوعات برنامه‌ریزی شهری دانست که هدف از آن افزایش توان شهر و شهروندان در مقابله با خسارات جانی، مالی و محیطی است. در این تحقیق میزان آسیب‌پذیری خسارت‌هایی که در هنگام حوادث قهری یا انسانی مانند جنگ و نزاع اتفاق می‌افتد، جهت بررسی الزامات پدافند غیرعامل در زیر ساختهای توسعه شهری کلانشهر شیراز مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. بنابراین شاخص‌هایی مانند بافت فرسوده شهری، دسترسی به مراکز امدادی و شریان‌های شهری، دسترسی به مراکز پشتیبان و فضاهای امن، همجواری با کاربری‌های خطرآفرین، تراکم جمعیت و غیره به عنوان مهم‌ترین عوامل تاثیرگذار جهت اهمیت رعایت اصول پداغند غیرعامل شهری معرفی شدند. این تحقیق ماهیت کاربردی دارد و بصورت توصیفی – تحلیلی ارزیابی شده است. داده‌های بکارگرفته شده با جمع آوری اطلاعات جامع شهری و مطالعات کتابخانه‌ای و تحلیل با نرم افزارهای مربوطه بدست آمده است. در این تحقیق شاخص‌ها و معیارهای آسیبپذیر شهری معرفی و با توابع منطق فازی AHP ارزشگذاری شدند. سپس پهنههای آسیبپذیر در مناطق مختلف شهری بوسیله سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی با نرم افزارهای QGIS و Global Mapper تهیه شدند. نتایج این تحقیق نشـان داد که حدود 28% از کل مناطق 11 گانه شهر شیراز را پهنه‌هایی با آسیب‌پذیري زیـاد تشـکیل داده،که این امر می‌تواند در زمان بحران به خصوص جنگ‌ها اختلال ایجاد کند.
Urban vulnerability from a passive defense perspective can be considered one of the most fundamental themes in urban planning with the aim of empowering the city and citizens to cope with human, financial, and environmental losses. This study measured the vulnerability caused by losses in fortuitous or human-induced events, such as wars or conflicts, to explore passive defense requirements for urban infrastructure development in the Shiraz metropolis. To this aim, a number of indicators were introduced as the most important factors affecting the importance of observing the principles of passive defense in urban planning, including dilapidated urban fabric (urban worn-out textures), accessibility of relief [and rescue] centers, and urban arterial roads, accessibility of service centers and safe spaces, adjacency to hazardous uses, population density, etc. This was an applied research study in nature and descriptive-analytical in method. The required data were obtained by collecting comprehensive urban information, doing desk research, and analyzing it with relevant software. This research introduced urban vulnerability indicators and criteria and evaluated them using Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) functions. Then, vulnerable zones in different urban areas were determined by a geographic information system (GIS) using QGIS and Global Mapper software. The results indicated that high vulnerability zones constituted about 28% of Shiraz's 11 urban districts, which can lead to disruptions in times of crisis, especially wars.
Extended Abstract
Introduction
Since offense (offensive tools) are constantly progressing and developing, passive defense mechanisms must also be developed. This is tangible and effective as much as it is accepted as a social phenomenon. Besides military affairs specialists, some sociologists have also focused their studies on wars and their profound effects on human life (Meimandi, P., 2015). Humans have utilized multi-level defense to deal with life-threatening conditions caused by potential wars. In this context, in addition to the development of intelligent and advanced military equipment and systems, special attention has been paid to passive defense and its principles, providing the basis for the cooperation and participation of all institutions, forces, organizations, industries, and even ordinary folk for the legitimate defense of the country.
Methodology
This was an applied research study in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of the method that employs the AHP technique. The required data were collected using desk or documentary research methods (by referring to written sources, including books, articles, and reports, especially Shiraz's comprehensive and detailed plans). Spatial data sources used in this article were extracted from the databases approved in the detailed plans of Shiraz municipal districts and affiliated organizations, as well as free data available on the OSM site (https://openstreetmap.com) analyzed by QGIS software.
Results and discussion
Combining layers of vulnerability in terms of passive defense indicators demonstrated that high and very high vulnerability zones accounted for almost one-third of all Shiraz urban areas, which can lead to inefficiency in times of crisis, especially wars. According to the research purpose, 15 indicators were selected to analyze the vulnerability of Shiraz urban areas. A QGIS-based statistical analysis yielded a low-risk vulnerability of 25%, a medium-risk vulnerability of 50%, a high-risk vulnerability of 75%, and a very high-risk vulnerability of 100%. Finally, vulnerability maps were prepared under different conditions of risk.
Conclusion
The findings of the present study indicate that the city of Shiraz faces multiple and diverse vulnerabilities from the perspective of passive defense. The results show that in the southern part of the city, access to healthcare facilities and hospitals is relatively adequate; however, the northwestern part suffers from a shortage of fire stations, and District 8 lacks sufficient safe open spaces and shelters. Moreover, the assessment of deprivation indices revealed that the southern and eastern parts of Shiraz experience higher levels of deprivation, while the city center, due to the presence of historical and deteriorated urban fabrics, is situated within a zone of very high vulnerability. Overall, the risk assessment results demonstrate that 4% of the city is exposed to low risk, 12% to medium risk, 18% to high risk, and 28% to very high risk. Among these, the deteriorated urban fabric—with 100% vulnerability—represents the most critical risk factor, whereas water resources (10%) and mosques (11%) are identified as the least vulnerable indicators.
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