مطالعه سرزندگی شهری براساس نظریه جیکوبز و تطبیق آن با حوزه 6 شهرداری شیراز

محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه علمی و پژوهشی پژوهش و برنامه ریزی شهری

فرهاد امیدوار ¹ , اسماعیل شیعه ² , عاطفه دهقان توران پشتی ³

1 - پژوهشگر دکتری شهرسازی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران غرب، تهران، ایران.
2 - استاد دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تهران غرب، تهران، ایران.
3 - استادیاردانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تهران غرب، تهران، ایران.

تاریخ دریافت : 1400/11/11 تاریخ پذیرش : 1401/06/02 تاریخ انتشار : 1402/12/01

کلید واژه: سرزندگی شهری, نظریه تنوع جیکوبز, حوزه 6 شهرداری شیراز,

چکیده مقاله :

سرزندگی به این معنا است که شهر مکانی امن برای زندگی در اختیار ساکنانش قرار می‌دهد و می‌تواند تمام فعالیت‌ها لازم را برای آن‌ها برآورده سازد. بدان شکل که همه مردم با برقراری تعاملات اجتماعی در فضاهای شهری احساس رضایت خاطر نموده و به دور از خمودگی در این فضاها بمانند و اوقات فراغت خود را سپری نمایند. به بیان دیگر شهر برای استفاده همگان بوده و پیر و جوان، خرد و کلان با حضور در این فضاها و استفاده از شهر و فضاهای شهری احساس نشاط و رضایت داشته باشند. تلاش جین جیکوبز برای سرزندگی شهری تاثیر بی چون و چرایی بر محققان و برنامه‌ریزان شهری داشته است، با این حال نظریه وی در بسیاری از نقاط جهان کمتر مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. جایی که اصول جیکوبز برای سرزندگی شهری به خوبی با ویژگی‌های سنتی این سکونتگاه‌های شهری مطابقت دارد، حتی اگر ذات اصلی آن‌ها به تدریج تحت الگوی مدرنیته به چالش کشیده شده باشد. مطالعات متعددی در چند سال گذشته با هدف آزمایش تجربی ایده‌های جیکوبز انجام شده است، جیکوبز برای سرزنده بودن یک حوزه شهری، 6 شرط (تمرکز، تنوع، فرصت‌های تماس، نیاز به ساختمان‌ها با سنین مختلف، دسترسی و خلاء‌های مرزی) را در قالب دو گروه نیازهای پایه و جانبی مد نظر قرار داده است. در این مطالعه، سرزندگی شهری در حوزه 6 شهرداری شیراز از دیدگاه جیکوبز بررسی شده است. تجزیه و تحلیل سرزندگی شهری در قالب یک رویکرد سیستمی اجازه تفسیر فضایی محدوده مورد بررسی را می‌دهد. نتایج در قالب 4 گروه (سرزندگی بالا، سرزندگی متوسط، سرزندگی کم و فاقد سرزندگی) با استفاده از روش گروه‌بندی و الگوریتم k-means تعیین گردید. مقادیر بالاتر این شاخص مربوط به بخش‌هایی است که به احتمال زیاد زندگی پر جنب و جوش خیابانی را در خود جای داده‌اند. نتایج نشان داد که سهم معناداری از قلمرو حوزه 6 شهرداری شیراز دارای سرزندگی کم و یا فاقد سرزندگی هستند. بالاترین میزان سرزندگی پیرامون خیابان معالی آباد و محله قدیم قصرالدشت به چشم می‌خورد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Jane Jacobs's quest for urban vitality has had an undoubted impact on researchers and urban planners, yet her theory has received little attention in many parts of the world. Where Jacobs's principles for urban vitality fit well with the traditional features of these urban settlements. Even if their core nature has been gradually challenged under the pattern of modernity. Numerous studies have been conducted in the past few years with the aim of experimentally testing Jacobs's ideas. In this study, we examined urban vitality in District 6 of Shiraz Municipality from Jacobs's point of view. Urban vitality analysis in the form of a systemic approach allows spatial interpretation of the study area. The results were determined in 4 groups (high vitality, moderate vitality, low vitality and no vitality) using grouping method and k-means algorithm.
Extended Abstract
Introduction
Urban vitality means that the city provides a safe place for its residents to live and can provide all the necessary activities for them. Since the 1950s, the study of urban space has become more accurate. One of these theories is Jane Jacobs's theory of diversity.
Methodology
In order to study Jane Jacobs' ideas about urban vitality from a practical point of view, six conditions have been considered: concentration, diversity, contact opportunity, the need for aged buildings, accessibility and border vacuums. These 6 conditions can be extracted based on 11 observable variables and the JANE index can be created. After collecting all the variables and fixing the problems in the data, the variables were examined at the block level. In order to integrate the 11 original variables to their corresponding urban vitality conditions, we have created six scores. Lastly, in order to facilitate the analysis and interpretation of the spatial distribution of JANE results, four categories have been identified based on the Grouping Analysis tool available in ESRI ArcGIS 10.5.
Results and discussion
Concentration and Diversity go hand-by-hand in Jane Jacobs’ arguments on urban vitality. High levels of concentration are found in areas where building density, housing, and population overlap. This is especially evident on both sides of MaliAbad Street. In addition to this axis, the concentration can be seen in the area of the old neighborhood of Qasrdasht. MaliAbad Street and the old Qasrdasht neighborhood also scored the highest points in other indicators.
we have synthesized the five conditions of urban vitality in the JANE Index. Higher values of this index correspond to areas that are more likely to nest vibrant street life.
Conclusion
The results show that in fact, a small part of District 6 of Shiraz Municipality; It has high vitality (2.5%) and medium vitality (17.5%). Meanwhile, a significant share of the territory of Shiraz Municipality District 6 in this study is classified in the group of low vitality (36%) and lack of vitality (44%).

منابع و مأخذ:

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