تحلیل فضایی مناطق شهری در برخورداری از شاخص های شهر نوآور(مطالعه موردی: کلان شهر تبریز)

محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه علمی و پژوهشی پژوهش و برنامه ریزی شهری

هادی رشتبر ¹ , حسین نظم فر ² , رسول صمدزاده ³

1 - دانشجوی دکترای جغرافیا و برنامهریزی شهری، گروه جغرافیا، واحد اردبیل، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اردبیل، ایران
2 - استاد جغرافیا و برنامهریزی شهری، گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران
3 - دانشیار جغرافیا طبیعی، گروه جغرافیا، واحد اردبیل، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اردبیل، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1398/09/11 تاریخ پذیرش : 1399/01/28 تاریخ انتشار : 1400/09/01

کلید واژه: تمرکز فضایی, تاپسیس, کلان شهر تبریز, شهر نوآور, تکنیک ANP,

چکیده مقاله :

شهرها با دربر­گرفتن درصد فزاینده­ای از جمعیت و گسترش شهرنشیتی، با چالش­های مهمی از جمله نابرابری فضایی روبرو هستند. نقش کلان­شهرها به علت آثار تجمعی چالش­های افزایش جمعیت، بسیار حائز اهمیت است. با اینکه شهرها به عنوان مرکز نوآوری در نظر گرفته شده، اما سطح نوآوری بین مناطق به صورت برابر توزیع نمی­شود­. هدف این پژوهش سطح­بندی مناطق کلان­شهر تبریز در برخورداری از شاخص­های شهر نوآور است. پژوهش حاضر براساس هدف از نوع تحقیقات کاربردی و بر اساس ماهیت و روش از نوع تحقیقات مقایسه­ای بوده و روش گردآوری داده­ها، به صورت پیمایشی می­باشد. با استفاده از فرمول کوکران 384 نفر از میان شهروندان و 27 خبره با روشه گلوله برفی به عنوان نمونه انتخاب گردیده­اند­؛ پایایی پرسشنامه شهروندان و خبرگان به ترتیب­ با مقادیر 89/0 و 93/0 تایید شده است. نتایج به دست آمده از تکنیک ANP نشان می­دهد که زیرمعیارهای مراکز آموزشی و پارک علم و فناوری به ترتیب با مقادیر 104046/0 و 090895/0 بیشترین و زیرمعیارهای مساحت منطقه و جمعیت به ترتیب با مقادیر00374/0و 007537/0 کمترین تأثیر را درحرکت شهر تبریز به سمت یک شهر نوآور دارند. بررسی وضعیت چگونگی توزیع شاخص­های شهر نوآور نشان می­دهد که منطقه هشت با میزان تاپسیس­9647­/0در رتبه اول و منطقه چهار با میزان تاپسیس­068081/0­­در  رتبه آخر سطح نوآوری قرار گرفته­اند.­ یافته­­های پژوهش نشان می­دهد که شاخص­های شهر نوآور به صورت عادلانه توزیع نشده و تمرکز فضایی در توزیع شاخص­ها وجود دارد. لذا، مدیریت کلان­شهر تبریز در راستای تحقق شهر نوآور نیازمند تحریک نوآوری از طریق توزیع عادلانه شاخص­های شهر نوآور و تمرکززدایی از مرکز است.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Cities with an increasing percentage of population and urbanization expansion, they face significant challenges, including spatial inequality.The role of metropolises due to the cumulative effects of population growth challenges, it is very important. Although cities are considered the center of innovation, but the innovation level between regions is not evenly distributed. The purpose of this study is to level the Tabriz regions in terms of enjoyment of innovative city indicators. This research is based on the purpose the applied research and based on the nature and method the comparative research and the data collection method, it is a survey.Using the Cochran's formula, 384 citizens and 27 experts with snowballs were selected as a sample. The ­citizens and experts’s questionnaire reliability respectively with values 0/89 and 0/93 approved. The results obtained from ANP show that the sub-criteria of educational centers and science and technology parks respectively with values 0/104046 and 0/908955 are the highest and area and sub-criteria of population respectively with values 0/00374 and 0/757537, have the least effect on the movement of Tabriz city towards an innovative city. An examination of the innovative city indicators distribution shows that region 8 with a Topsis rate of 0/96477 is in the first rank and region 4 with a Topsis rate of 0/680881 is in the last rank of the innovation level. The research findings show that the innovative city indicators are not distributed fairly, there is a spatial focus on the indicators distribution. Therefore, the management of Tabriz metropolis in order to realize the innovative city needs to stimulate innovation through fair distribution of innovative city indicators and decentralization from the center.

منابع و مأخذ:

1. Acs.Z.J, Audretsch.D.B, ­Lehmann.E.E. & Licht.G. (2016): National Systems of Innovation, Journal of Technology Transfer (forthcoming): DOI: 10.1007/s10961-016-9481-8.s.


2. Amelhelali. B, Saeideh Zarabadi. Z, & Dolatabadi. F. (2019): "Exploring the foundations of creating a creative city in areas of Neyshabur city", Research and Urban Planning, Volume 10, Issue 38, pp 123-132.


3. Arvaniti.­ E.­N, Stylios.­C.D, & Papadakis.­V.G. (2017):­ OPEN SOCIAL INNOVATION: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES, International Conference for Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Regional Development, pp17-25.


4. Athey.G, Glossop.C, Harrison.B, Nathan.M, & Webber.C. (2007): Innovation and the city, CEO, NESTA, www .nesta.org.uk, pp1-84.


5. Bettencourt.L.­M.A, Lobo.J, Helbing.D, hnert.C.K, & West.G.B. (2007): ­Growth, innovation, scaling, and the pace of life in cities, ­ PNAS, vol. 104­, no. 17­, pp7301–7306.


6. Buschmann.A­, Meyer.­­B, & Schewe.G. (2016): FACTOR STATE IN INNOVATIVE ECOSYSTEMS: A COMPARISON BETWEEN BRAZIL AND GERMANY, International Journal of Innovation (IJI Journal), Sao Paulo, v. 4, n. 2, pp198-207.


7. Dutta, ­S., Lanvin, B., & Wunsch-Vincent.­S. (2015). GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX 2015. Energizing the World with Innovation.


8. Dutta.­S, Lanvin. B, &Wunsch-Vincent S. (2019): GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX 2018. Energizing the World with Innovation.


9. East Azarbaijan Province Management and Planning Organization (2016): General Census of Population and Housing in 2016.


10. Fritsch.M, & Wyrwich.M. (2020): Is innovation (increasingly) concentrated in large cities? An international comparison, Jena Economic Research Papers, ISSN 1864-7057, pp. 1-66.


11. Gharehbaglou.M, & Kargar.T. (2017):­ "New Insight into the Creative Urban Clusters(The potentials of joint space between Naqhsh-­ e Jahan Square and the Art University of Isfahan as an attractive place for the creative class)",­The Scientific Journal of NAZAR research center (Nrc) for Art, Architecture & Urbanism-Pp47-66.


12. Gregory.­J, & Rogerson.C­. (2018): Suburban creativity: The geography of creative industries in Johannesburg, Bulletin of Geog­raphy. Socio-economic Series, 39(39), Pp. 31-52. DOI: http://doi.org/ 10.2478/bog-2018-0003.


13. Kani­salmi.S, & Safari.H. (2019): "Analyzing and investigating the indices and factors of creative tourism in urban rusty contexture of Isfahan (Case study: Joybere quarter)", ­ INNOVATION & CREATIVITY IN HUMAN SCIENCE, Volume­9, Number 1, pp115-152.


14. Kharazmi.A, & Nedai. A­. (2014): "The Impact of Participation in Teaching in Tehran: A Study of the Pardis Science and Technology Park", Urban and Regional Studies, Year Six, issue 22, pp. 143-162.


15. Kiuru.J, & Lnkinen.T­. (2017):­ Predicting innovative growth and demand with proximate human capital: A case study of the Helsinki metropolitan area, Cities, Volume, and Pp 9-17.


16. Manouchehri­miandoab.A, Anvari.A, & A­har. H. (2019): "An Analysis of Spatial Justice and its Impact on the City's political Ecology Case study: Tehran metropolis", Research and Urban Planning, Volume 10, Issue 38, pp 89-100.


17. NaghshMohit Consulting Engineers­. (2014): Development Design and Construction of Tabriz (Comprehensive Plan), City Identification, vol. 4, East Azerbaijan General Roads and Urban Development Organization.


18. Nazmfar. H, Aftab.A, Nazampour.N, & MajnoonyTootakhane.A. (2016): "Evaluation and Prioritization of Urban Areas Based on Parameters Creative City (Case Study: Sanandaj City)", The Journal of Spatial Planning, Volume 20, Issue 4, 259-286.


19. Nazmfar. H, Eshghi. A, Behrozi. M, & Alavi. S. (2016):  "valuation of Spatial Inequalities in Urban Regions from the Perspective of Social Justice (Case Study: Regions Ten Districts of the City of Tabriz)", Geographical researches, 31 (1), pp.205-222.


20. Hossein Nazmfar, Saeideh Alavi, Bakhtiar Feizizadeh, Reza Masodifar & Ali Eshghei (2020) Spatial Analysis of Security and Insecurity in Urban Parks: A Case Study of Tehran, Iran, The Professional Geographer, DOI: 10.1080/00330124.2019.1696686.


21. Nazmfar, H. Eshgi, A. Alavi, S. Pourmoradian, S. (2019): Analysis of travel and tourism competitiveness index in middle-east countries, Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 24 (1): 501-513.


22. Nazmfar, H. (2012). An analysis of urban system with emphasis on entropy model (Case


23. Study: the cities of East Azerbaijan Province), Indian Journal of Science and Technology.


24. Volume 5, Issue 9, p. 3340 -3344.

-          Nazmfar, H. (2017). Urban development predictions direction of using a combination GIS and Bayesian the probabilistic model (case study: Ardabil), Human Geography Research Quarterly, 49, 357-370.

1. Nugroho. H.R, & Poernomo. E.(2017): THE EFFECT OF COMPETING ABILITY AND THE ROLE OF TRIPLE HELIX MODEL ON PERFORMANCE OF MICRO-SMALL-MIDDLE ENTERPRISES IN SIDOARJO REGENCY, Journal Homepage, Int. J. Adv. Res. 5(8), pp1465-1472.


2. Ojasalo. J, & Tähtinen. L. (2017): Digital Participation in an Open Innovation Platform: An Empirical Study on Smart Cities, DOI: 10.21125/inted.2017.2461, Pp10097-10106.


3. Pourmohamadi.M.R, & Zali.N. (2010): "REGIONAL DISPARITIES ANALYSIS AND DEVELOPMENT FORESIGHT (CASE STUDY: EAST AZERBAIJAN PROVINCE)", JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHY AND PLANNING , Volume 15, Number 32, pp 29-64.


4. RabbaniKhorasgani.­A, Rabbani.R, AdibiSedeh.M, & Moazeni.A.­ (2011): "Review the Role of Social Diversity in Creating Innovative and Creative Cities (Case Study: Isfahan City)", Geography and Development Iranian Journal, Issue 21, pp.­159-180.


5. Rammer.C, Kinne.J, & Blind.K. (2016): A Microgeography of Innovation in the City: Location Patterns of Innovative Firms in Berlin, JEL-Classification: O31, O32, O33, R12, R39, Pp1-34.


6. Rashtbar.H, Nazmfar.H, & Samadzadeh.R.(2019):  Evaluating Enjoyment of Urban Regions through Innovative City Indicators with an Emphasis on Social and Cultural Indicators(A Case Study:­Tabriz Metropolis), Journal of Applide Engineering Sciences, 9(22),­ pp.­109-114


7. Roshanroodi, S. (2017): Analysis of possible scenarios for the formation of an innovative city in Mashhad metropolis with emphasis on horizon 1404. Ph.D. in Geography and Urban Planning, Unpublished. University of MohagheghArdabili. Ardabil. Iran, pp.1-214.


8. Sayedi.S.M, SHahidi.N, & SHarafi.R. (2013):"A Feasibility Study of Applying TQM for Creating Innovation in Schools of Shiraz City", New Approach to Educational Management, Islamic Azad University of Marvdasht Branch,Third Year - No. 2, Pp.55-70.


9. Wolfe.D.A. (2009):­ 21st Century Cities in Canada: The Geography of Innovation, the Conference Board of Canada, Pp15-18.


10. Zhuhadar.L­­, ­Thrasher.E­, Marklin.S­, & Pablos.P.O.D. (2017): The next wave of innovationdReview of smart cities intelligent operation systems, Computers in Human Behavior 66, pp273-281.