تدوین الگوی برنامه‌ریزی و مدیریت یکپارچه بافت‌های تاریخی در راستای بازآفرینی (مطالعه موردی: کلانشهر تبریز)
محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه علمی و پژوهشی پژوهش و برنامه ریزی شهریرامین عسکریان 1 , احمدعلی خرم بخت 2 , محمد ابراهیم عفیفی 3
1 - دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیا ، واحد لارستان ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، لارستان ، ایران
2 - استادیار گروه جغرافیا، واحد لارستان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، لارستان، ایران
3 - استادیار گروه جغرافیا ، واحد لارستان ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، لارستان ، ایران
کلید واژه: مدیریت یکپارچه, برنامه‌ریزی, بافت تاریخی, بازآفرینی شهری,
چکیده مقاله :
چکیده مقدمه: بافت تاریخی شهرها به واسطه قدمت تاریخی و وجود عناصر و ارزش‌های نادر زیبایی‌شناختی، تداوم خاطرات جمعی و مؤلفه‌های هویت‌بخشی واقعیت انکارناپذیر شهرهایی بشمار می‌روند که واجد پیشینه‌ی تاریخی هستند. این بافت‌ها در طول زمان با تحولات متعددی مواجه شده و به تدریج دچار نارسایی و اختلال در ابعاد گوناگون کارکردی، اقتصادی، اجتماعی، کالبدی، ارتباطی و زیست‌محیطی شده‌اند. با توجه به اهمیت بافت‌های تاریخی، این پژوهش در پی توسعه دانش کاربردی در زمینه شناسایی و تدوین الگوی برنامه‌ریزی و مدیریت یکپارچه در بازآفرینی بافت‌های تاریخی کلانشهر تبریز است. روش: روش پژوهش در این مطالعه از نظر هدف کاربردی و از نظر ماهیت توصیفی- تحلیلی می‌باشد. هم‌چنین، جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل مدیران شهری، نخبگان دانشگاهی و کارشناسان آشنا به مسائل بافت‌های تاریخی است و حجم نمونه با استفاده از فرمول کوکران تعداد 383 نفر به‌دست آمده که با استفاده از فرمول اصلاح شده کوکران به تعداد 344 کاهش یافته است. به‌منظور تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌های پژوهش نیز از روش حداقل مربعات جزئی در نرم‌افزار Smart-pls استفاده شده است. یافته‌ها: یافته‌های پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که 8 متغیر اصلی و 38 متغیر فرعی مورد بررسی، تأثیر برنامه‌ریزی و مدیریت یکپارچه در بازآفرینی بافت‌های تاریخی را 911/0 درصد و تنها با از دست دادن 089/0 درصد تبیین میکنند. نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج حاکی از آن است که بیش‌ترین اثرگذاری در بین مؤلفه‌های مورد بررسی برنامه‌ریزی و مدیریت یکپارچه در راستای بازآفرینی بافت‌های تاریخی مربوط به مدیریت واحد و حمایت‌کننده، انسجام و هم‌افزایی نهادی، ساختار تشکیلاتی یکپارچه و دیدگاه سیستمی‌به ترتیب با امتیاز 864/0، 732/0، 551/0 و 447/0 می‌باشد. از سوی دیگر، شاخص نیکویی برازش مدل GOF برای اندازه‌گیری برازش مدل‌های اندازه‌گیری و ساختاری مقدار 549/0 به دست آمده است که از مطلوبیت کلی مدل ساختاری پژوهش حکایت دارد.
The historical texture of cities, due to their historical antiquity and the existence of rare elements and aesthetic values, the continuity of collective memories and components of identity, is an undeniable fact of cities that have a historical background. During the time, these textures have undergone numerous changes and have gradually become deficient and disrupted in various functional, economic, social, physical, communicative, and environmental dimensions. Given the importance of historical textures, the present study seeks to develop applied knowledge in the field of identifying and developing an integrated planning and management model in regeneration the historical textures of Tabriz metropolis. The research method in this study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature. Also the statistical population of the study consists of urban managers, academic elites and experts familiar with historical textures issues and the sample size was 383 using Cochran formula, which was reduced to 344 using the modified Cochran formula. So for analyzing research information was used the partial least squares method in the Smart-pls software. The research findings show that the 8 main variables and 38 sub-variables studied explain the effect of integrated planning and management in regeneration historical textures as 91% and only with the loss of 9%. The results also show that the most effective among the components of integrated planning and management in order to regeneration historical textures related to unit and support management, institutional cohesion and integration, integrated organizational structure and systemic perspective, with a score of 0.864, 0.732, 0.551 and 0.447, respectively. On the other hand, the GOF fitness index for measuring the fit of measuring and structural models has been obtained as 0.549, which indicates the general utility of the structural model of the research.
Extended abstract
Introduction:
Cities historical tissue in spite of brilliant background faced with complex and various problems at the result of contemporary urban anonymity and it cause to empty out urban life from transcendent aspects and difficulty for citizens living and theses cities remember traditional city greatness and booming. These cases are main problems for urban points and they contain extensive and complex problems. In order to valuable historical tissues promotion during recent decades; many surveys were presented and they changed tissues without regarding attention to framework dimension to multi-dimensional (regeneration) viewpoint. Urban regeneration as an extensive and coordinated viewpoint follows urban society environmental, framework, social, economical conditions, which they faced with changing situation. Based on historical tissues importance and necessity implementation of modern surveys and their management; current study follows prepare coordinated management and planning pattern for Tabriz metropolis historical tissues regeneration. Tabriz metropolis historical tissue has 21 hectares area and it contains many buildings, historical & cultural architecture such as houses and historical homes. Also in Tabriz metropolis such as other cities; urban regeneration subject was presented severe during some decades. Policy making in mentioned field and it’s surveys prior on framework patterns by focusing on financial providing surveys, economical interest and recent years changes, which we have been tried to change social surveys beside other problems. So, existence of many complexities in Tabriz city such as complexity in responsible organizations role and function; institutional relations and effective social and economical structures on mentioned field actors relationship didn’t pay attention by regarding urban development management challenges and presenting acceptable guideline with success experience.
Methodology:
Current study follows applied knowledge development for recognition and preparing coordinated management and planning pattern in historical tissues regeneration. So, it is applied according to aim and it is analytical-descriptive based on nature. In current study; structural equations was used data analysis based on at least partial squares in Smart-pls Software. Study statistical society include manager, University elites and experts of historical tissues about sample volume determination by special rules of at least partial squares method. Based on at least partial squares model rule, it is possible to exist in- efficiency and un-coordinated data in some gathered questionnaires. Sample size was obtained 383 persons with Cochrane’s formulae and it was reduced to 344 persons by Cochran’s modified formulae.
Results:
Results showed that, main effective factors on Tabriz metropolis historical tissue regeneration coordinated management and planning relate to unique and supported management possibility, institutional synergistic and coherence, cohesive organizational structure and systematic viewpoint. Among sub-variables; the most highest effectiveness relates to existence transnational leadership center to organize of dispersion historical tissues management, existence organizational correlation between historical tissue organization managers in implemented affairs, existence of administration, pre-determined and determined methods by regarding flexibility according to future changes and existence share viewpoint among related organization affairs for historical tissue. Based on study results, we can say coordinated management and planning possibility in related affairs of Tabriz metropolitan historical tissues caused to generation unique management, using all of facilities and investments, generation various surveys in tissue management, interaction promotion, institutional and inter-institution facilitating and cooperation, generation cooperation among governmental, private, NGO institutions; generation requirement rules and regulations in historical tissue management and clearance generated rules and regulations for historical tissue regeneration.
Also, the comparison of the present study with the study background shows that in terms of goals, ie the role of integrated management in regeneration and emphasis on institutional capacity building in line with research (Zarei, 2018) and in terms of results, it is somewhat in line with research (Smith, 2007) and (Ploegmakers) and (Beckers, 2014) with an emphasis on participation and socialism in the process of regeneration.
Also, the difference between the present study and the study background or the innovation of the present study was to examine the more detailed role of the management system and planning in the existing capacities and information platforms, coordination and balance between organs and institutional capacity building that leads to organizational empowerment and area residents.
Conclusion:
Nowadays in many world advanced countries; urban centers have close relationship with artistic & cultural functions, spending leisure time, tourism and … and also they have proper framework-spatial conditions about urban life and important social interactions for citizens and they are regarded as urban rich complexes. Also, cultural-historical part in most of world places were destructed according to their background and this case shows tissues renovation necessity. To renovate and update of historical tissues; we must reference tissue historical identity, daily life and people requirements response significantly. We feel all of interest parts cooperation with coordinated survey to tissues renovation. According to studied subject importance; current study was written for preparing Tabriz metropolis historical tissues renovation pattern focused on coordinated management and planning. Tabriz metropolis historical and old tissues range include the ancient or the most oldest part before 1300 solar year. Historical and old tissue is self-organized and it contains connect, organic limb. At first, Tabriz was generated inside mentioned range and it’s evolution survey was done. This range contains historical symbols and memorials. Main features related historical, official, entertainment and …. Center. Sahib-al Amr, General mosque and market were generated city framework and they present mentioned range role and importance to reflect city history and identity. This tissue was determined form establishing of the first streets to use vehicles passage in city body. So, old tissues found meaning with modern urbanization interventions. This tissue has 21 hectares area and more than 35000 populations.
1- Bahreini, S, H., Izadi, M, S., & Mofidi, M. (2014). Approaches and policies of urban renewal (from reconstruction to sustainable urban regeneration), Urban Studies, 3 (9): 17-30.
2- Barakpour, N., & Asadi, I. (2009). Urban Management and Governance, Tehran: Art University Press.
3- Fatemi, M. N., & Rahman, T. (2015). Regeneration of the Hazaribagh urban brownfield: An imperative for Dhaka’s sustainable urban development, Urbani izziv, 26 (2): 132-145.
4- Feng, L., Liu, X., Hua, D., Wanga, R., Yanga, W., Li, D., & Zhao, D. (2009). Measurement indicators and an evaluation approach for assessing urban sustainable development: A A case study for China’s Jining City, Landscape and Urban Planning, 90: 134.
5- Karimpour shirazi, M., & Kahzadi Seyfabad, O. (2017). Theoretical model of recreating historical contexts, New research in geography, architecture and urban planning, 1 (5): 203-225.
6- Koch, R., & Latham, A. (2012). Rethinking urban public space: accounts from a junction in West London. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 37 (4): 515-529.
7- Lazarević, E., Koružnjak, A., & Devetaković, M. (2016). Culture Design-led Regeneration as a Tool Used to Regenerate Deprived Areas Belgrade—The Savamala quarter; Reflections on an Unplanned Cultural Zone, Energy and Buildings, 115: 3-10.
8- Lombardi, D. R., Porter, L., Barber, A., & Rogers, Chris D.F. (2011). Conceptualising sustainability in UK urban regeneration: a discursive formation. Urban Studies, 48 (2): 273-296.
9- McDonald, S., Malys, N., & Malienė, V. (2009). urban regeneration for sustainable communities, Technological and Economic Development, 15 (1): 49–59.
10- Mcgill, R. (1998). Urban Management In Developing Countries, Cities, 15 (6): 463–471.
11- Mcgill, R. (1999). Urban Management Performance, Cities, 12 (5): 337-351.
12- Mcgill, R. (2001). Urban Management Checklis, Cities, 18 (5): 347–354.
13- Michael, F., ZainonNoora, Z., & Figueroab Maria, J. (2014). Review of urban sustainability indicators assessment–Case study between Asian countries. Habitat International 44: 491-500.
14- Najdaghi, N., & Nejadebrahimi, A. (2018). Community-led Urban Regeneration Through Training Based on Islamic Thought in Tabriz`s Sorkhab Historical Zone, Urban research and planning, 9 (35): 139-150.
15- Novin, A. R. (2017). Analysis of Effects Revitalizationhistorical – cultural context of metropolises on city tourism development (Case Study: historical - cultural context of Tabriz metropolitan), Phd thesis in Geography and urban planning, Supervisor: Karim Hosseinzade Dalir, Islamic Azad University - Marand Branch.
16- Ploegmakers, H., & Beckers, P. (2014). Evaluating urban regeneration: An assessment of the effectiveness of physical regeneration initiatives on run-down industrial sites in the Netherlands, Urban Studies, 52 (12) 2151-2169.
17- Pourahmad, A., & Akbarnejad Bayi, R. (2011). Reconstruction Pyramid of Urban Historical Texture Using SWOT Model (Case Study: Historical Texture of Babol), Geography and Urban Planning of the Zagros Landscape, 3 (9): 81-107.
18- Project Management Institute (PMI) (2004). a guide to the project management body of knowledge, 3rd ed., PMI, Wexford.
19- Roberts, P, W., & Sykes, H. (2000). Urban Regeneration, SAGE Publication, London, UK.
20- Sharma, S. K. (1989). Municipal Management, Urban Affairs Quarterly – India 21: 47–53.
21- Smith, M. (2007). Tourism, Culture and Regeneration, UK, Oxford, Cabi Press.
22- Stubbs, M. (2004). Heritage-sustainability: developing a methodology for the sustainable appraisal of the historic environment. Planning Practice & Research, 19 (3): 285-305.
23- Taherizadeh, K. (2015). Investigation security chain agility effects on organization profitability; Administrative management M.A. thesis by supervising of Dr. Mohammad Khodabakhshi; Accounting & Mnagement faculty; Shahid Beheshti University.
24- Tarkay, G. (2010). Evaluation of Urban Regeneration issues For an Early 20th Century Quarter: KADIKÖYYELDEĞĠRMENĠ, The Degree of Master of Architecture, Middle East Technical University, Turkey.
25- Zarei, J. (2018). Explaining Sustainable Urban Integrated Regeneration Management Model of Distressed Areas, Case study: City of Ahvaz, Phd thesis in Geography and urban planning, Supervisor: Mohammad Ali Firozi, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz.
_||_