طراحی الگوی آموزش آب مجازی در بخش کشاورزی با رویکرد اقتصاد مقاومتی و توسعه پایدار(مطالعه موردی: استان تهران)

محورهای موضوعی : منابع طبیعی

محمد یوسفی نژاد ¹ , مریم لاریجانی ² , سید محمد شبیری ³ , مهدیه رضایی ⁴

1 - دانشجوی دکتری گروه آموزش محیط زیست دانشگاه پیام نور، ایران، تهران
2 - دانشیار گروه آموزش محیط زیست دانشگاه پیام نور ایران،
3 - استاد گروه آموزش محیط زیست دانشگاه پیام نور و رئیس کرسی آموزش محیط زیست یونسکو، ایران،
4 - استادیار گروه آموزش محیط زیست دانشگاه پیام نور، ایران،

تاریخ دریافت : 1401/04/25 تاریخ پذیرش : 1401/07/10 تاریخ انتشار : 1401/04/01

کلید واژه: آموزش محیط زیست, کاهش مصرف آب کشاورزی, حفاظت از منابع آب, پایداری اقتصاد کشاورزی,

چکیده مقاله :

زمینه و هدف: بحران آب یکی از مهمترین چالش های استان تهران است. مدیریت و آموزش آب مجازی در بسیاری از کشورها به عنوان یک اقدام برای غلبه بر کمبود آب خصوصاً در بخش کشاورزی است. در ایران سرانه مصرف آب مجازی بخش کشاورزی حدود 20 درصد بیشتر از حد متوسط جهانی است. این پژوهش با هدف طراحی الگوی آموزش آب مجازی در بخش کشاورزی با رویکرد اقتصاد مقاومتی و توسعه پایدار به منظور آگاهی بهره برداران از آب مجازی و حفاظت از محیط زیست، منابع آبی و پایداری توسعه در سال 1400 انجام گردیده است.روش بررسی: روش مورد استفاده در این پژوهش ترکیبی بود. در فاز کیفی پژوهش به منظور شناسایی مؤلفه های اصلی و فرعی الگو از تکنیک نظریه داده بنیان استفاده گردید. برای جمع آوری داده ها در این فاز از روش مصاحبه نیمه ساختار یافته استفاده شد. نمونه گیری در مرحله کیفی، روش هدفمند گلوله برفی بود. جامعه آماری بخش کمّی شامل اساتید دانشگاه های مرتبط و کارشناسان و مدیران سازمان های اجرایی وزارت جهاد کشاورزی بود. بر اساس آمار و اطلاعات کسب شده تعداد مخاطبین در مجموع 360 تن بودند. حجم نمونه با استفاده از فرمول کوکران 181 نفر تعیین گردید. پاسخ گویی از طریق پرسشنامه محقق ساخته طیف لیکرت 5 گزینه ای دو سویه بود.برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها در مرحله کمّی از شاخص های آمار توصیفی (میانگین، انحراف معیار، واریانس و فراوانی و درصد) و در مرحله استنباطی از تحلیل عاملی تأییدی استفاده شد.یافته ها: نتایج مقایسه میانگین مؤلفه های بدست آمده حاصل از آزمون (t-test) نشان داد که بین میانگین موجود و مطلوب در تمامی مؤلفه ها تفاوت معناداری در سطح 1 درصد وجود دارد و وضعیت موجود آموزش مدیریت آب مجازی از شرایط مطلوب برخوردار نیست. اعتبار سازه های پرسشنامه با استفاده از روش روایی همگرا درسطح 49/0 و پایایی پرسشنامه با استفاده از ضریب آلفای ترتیبی در سطح81/0 محاسبه شد. یافته های کیفی پژوهش نشان داد که 11 مؤلفه و 37 زیر مؤلفه تشکیل دهنده اجزای الگوی آموزش آب مجازی در بخش کشاورزی بودند. بر اساس بارهای عاملی استاندارد qvh(γ) به ترتیب مؤلفه های محتوای آموزش آب مجازی (97/0)، روش های آموزش آب مجازی (96/0)، اصول آموزش آب مجازی (92/0) بیشترین اهمیت را در تبیین الگوی آموزش آب مجازی داشتند. تحلیل عاملی تأییدی مؤلفه ها نیز نشان داد که مؤلفه های شناسایی شده دارای بار عاملی کافی جهت پیش‌بینی آموزش آب مجازی در بخش کشاورزی بود.نتیجه گیری: شاخص های برازش الگوی آموزش دربخش کشاورزی نشان داد که الگوی تدوین شده دارای برازش مطلوبی است و این الگو می تواند علاوه بر آگاهی رسانی و تغییر رفتار، نقشه راهی برای متولیان و کارگزاران فعالیت های آموزشی به بهره برداران آب مجازی در بخش کشاورزی باشد. با اجرای آموزش آب مجازی از طریق الگوی تدوین شده می توان انتظار داشت تا حد زیادی از اتلاف منابع آبی در بخش کشاورزی جلوگیری و از منابع طبیعی حفاظت شود، همچنین بر مبنای اسناد فرادستی فرصتی برای رسیدن به کشاورزی نوین، اقتصاد مقاومتی، توسعه پایدار و حفاظت از محیط زیست باشد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Background and purpose: The water crisis is one of the most paramount challenges in Tehran province. Virtual water management and education in many countries is a measure to overcome water shortage, especially in the agricultural sector. In Iran, virtual water consumption per capita in the agricultural sector is about 20% higher than the world average. This research was conducted with the aim of designing a model of virtual water education in the agricultural sector with the approach of resistance economy and sustainable development in order to inform the users of virtual water and protect the environment, water resources, and sustainable development in the year 2021.Method: The method of this research was a combination. In the qualitative phase of the research, in order to identify the main and sub-components of the model, the technique of grounded theory was utilized. A semi-structured interview method was conducted to collect data in this phase. The purposeful snowball method was applied in the qualitative phase for sampling. The statistical population of the quantitative part included professors of related universities, experts, and managers of the executive organizations of the Ministry of Agricultural Jihad. According to the statistics and information obtained, the total number of contacts was 360. The sample size was determined by Cochran's formula of 181 people. A researcher-made questionnaire with a 5-point Likert scale was designed to collect data. Descriptive statistics measures (mean, standard deviation, variance, frequency, and percentage) were calculated for data analysis in the quantitative phase, and confirmatory factor analysis was employed in the inferential phase.Findings: The results of comparing the mean value of the components obtained from the test (t-test) illustrated that there is a significant difference of 1 percent between the current and desired means in all components and the current state of virtual water management education is not desirable. The validity of the questionnaire constructs was calculated by the convergent validity method at the level of 0.49 and the reliability of the questionnaire was calculated by the ordinal coefficient alpha at the level of 0.81. The qualitative findings of the research revealed that 11 components and 37 sub-components were the components of the virtual water education model in the agricultural sector. Based on the standard factor loadings of qvh(γ), the content components of virtual water education (0.97), methods of virtual water education (0.96), and principles of virtual water education (0.92) are respectively, the most substantial in explained the model of virtual water education. Moreover, the confirmatory factor analysis of the components illustrated that the identified components had sufficient factor loading to predict virtual water education in the agricultural sector.Discussion and Conclusion: The fit indicators of the education model in the agricultural sector illustrated that the developed model has a good fit and in addition to awareness and behavior change, the model can be a road map for the trustees and agents of education activities for virtual water users in the agricultural sector. Implementing virtual water education through the prepared model can be expected to prevent the wastage of water resources in the agricultural sector and protect natural resources. Furthermore, based on the upstream documents, it is an opportunity to attain modern agriculture, resistance economy, sustainable development, and environmental protection.

منابع و مأخذ:

 

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