مولفه‌های مؤثر فضای سبز خانه سالمندان از منظر رضایتمندی (مطالعه موردی: خانه سالمندان تأمین اجتماعی و شمیم مهرکرمانشاه)
محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت محیط زیست
بهنام شیرویه زاد
1
,
یاسمین دوزدوزانی
2
*
1 - دانشجوی دکتری گروه معماری، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران.
2 - استادیار، گروه معماری، واحد آذرشهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران. * (مسوول مکاتبات)
کلید واژه: رضایتمندی, فضای سبز, خانه سالمند, سالمند, شهر کرمانشاه,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: فضای سبز نقش به سزایی در تمام مراحل رشد جسمی، روحی و ذهنی سالمندان دارد. طراحی هر چه بهتر فضای سبز در خانه سالمندان منجر به حضور، ارتقا تعاملات اجتماعی، کاهش افسردگی و در نهایت رضایت آنان از این فضا می‌شود. در این پژوهش میزان رضایت سالمندان از مؤلفه‌های مؤثر فضای سبز دو خانه سالمند تأمین اجتماعی و شمیم مهر کرمانشاه مورد کنکاش قرار گرفت.
روش بررسی: پژوهش حاضر با هدف شناسایی مولفه‌های فضای سبز و میزان رضایت سالمندان از مولفه‌های سبز این دو خانه سالمند مزبور انجام شد. این پژوهش توصیفی – تحلیلی است. مولفه‌های مؤثر در رضایت آنان شناسایی و از بررسی متون، مطالعات مرتبط و نظرات متخصصین در قالب پرسشنامه محقق ساخته و با تایید متخصصین مربوطه به‌صورت قالب مقیاس لیکرت (پنج گزینه‌ای) طراحی و توسط 200 نفر از ساکنین خانه سالمندان تأمین اجتماعی و شمیم مهر شهر کرمانشاه تکمیل گردید. داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار Spss تحلیل گردید. پایایی کل پرسشنامه برابر با 75/0 می‌باشد.
یافته‌ها: مؤلفه‌های مؤثر فضای سبز خانه سالمندان در قالب 23 مؤلفه معرفی شدند که در خانه سالمندان تأمین اجتماعی، مولفه‌های «بهداشت و نظافت»، «تنوع درختان و گیاهان» و «نحوه چیدمان فضای سبز» و در خانه سالمندان شمیم مهر مولفه‌های «بهداشت و نظافت»، «سهولت مسیریابی در محوطه»، «تعاملات اجتماعی» و «سایه اندازی درختان و استراحت» به‌ترتیب بیشترین امتیاز را داشتند. میانگین میزان رضایت ساکنین خانه سالمندان تأمین اجتماعی برابر با 59/3 و شمیم مهر برابر با 02/3 یعنی میزان رضایت سالمندان از خانه‌های تأمین اجتماعی بیشتر از شمیم مهر و از نظر تفکیک جنسیت، میانگین میزان رضایت مردان بیشتر از زنان در دو خانه سالمند بود. از توزیع فراوانی علائق افراد مورد مطالعه، نشان داد که 5/38 درصد سالمندان به نشستن‌های جمعی و 5/28 درصد سالمندان به فضای سبز علاقه‌مند بودند.
بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: 23 مؤلفه در این تحقیق مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند که باید به‌طور قابل‌توجهی در طراحی بهینه فضای سبز خانه سالمندان در اولویت قرار گیرند تا منجر به افزایش رضایت آنان شوند.
Background and Objective: Green space plays a significant role in all stages of physical, mental and mental development of the elderly. The best possible design of the green space in the nursing home leads to attendance, improvement of social interactions, reduction of depression and finally their satisfaction with this space. In this research, the level of satisfaction of the elderly with the effective components of the green spaces of two Kermanshah Tamin Ejtemaei nursing homes and Shamim Mehr was investigated.
Material and Methodology: This research is descriptive-analytical. The effective components in their satisfaction were identified and based on the review of texts, related studies and experts' opinions in the form of a researcher's questionnaire, and with the approval of the relevant experts, it was designed in the form of a Likert scale (five options) and designed by 200 residents of Kermanshah Tamin Ejtemaei Nursing Homes and Shamim Mehr was completed. The data was analyzed using Spss software.
Findings: The effective components of the green space of the nursing home were introduced in the form of 23 components, in the Tamin Ejtemaei nursing home, the components of "hygiene and cleanliness", "diversity of trees and plants" and "how to arrange the green space" and in the Shamim Mehr nursing home, the components of "health" and cleanliness", "easiness of navigation in the area", "social interactions" and "shading trees and rest" had the highest scores, respectively. The average level of satisfaction of the residents of the Tamin Ejtemaei nursing home is 3.59 and Shamim Mehr is 3.02, which means that the level of satisfaction of the elderly with Tamin Ejtemaei home is higher than Shamim Mehr, and in terms of gender, the average level of satisfaction of men is more than women in the two homes. He was elderly. From the frequency distribution of the interests of the studied subjects, it showed that 38.5% of the elderly were interested in communal sitting and 28.5% of the elderly were interested in green spaces.
Discussion and conclusion: 23 components were examined in this research, which should be significantly prioritized in the optimal design of the green space of the nursing home in order to increase their satisfaction.
1. World Population Prospects., (2019). In Department of Economic and Social Affairs. World Population Prospects, 49-78.
2. Ilkhan, S., Shabani, AH., Rajab, F., (2022). The design criteria of healing garden in aged care centers through enhancing mental well-being approach for the elderly with depression (Case study: Ayatollah Modarres Psychiatric Hospital. Shenakht Journal of Psychology and Psychiatry , 9(5), 142-156.(In Persian)
3. United Nations. World population prospects. New York: Department of Economic and Social Affairs., (2015).
4. Sharghi, A., Salehi Kousalari, f., (2017). Relationship Between Cognitive Factors and Social Indicators in Designing the Healing Spaces for Old-Age People .ageing, 12(3). (In Persian)
5. Latifi, Z., Kiani, M., Yousefi, Z.,(2019). The structural equation modeling of the older people’s life expectancy based on the anxiety sensitivity, social support, and pain perception. Iranian Journal of Ageing, 14(2), 188 –99. (In Persian)
6. Samadpour Shahrak, E., Sattari Sarbangholi, H., Moosavi, MS.,(2020). Effective Factors on the Vitality of Open Spaces in Residential Complexes from an Elderly Perspective: A Qualitative Research/MEJDS, 10.
7. Saberian, M., Haji Agajai, S., Ghorbani, R.,(2009). Study of the mental status of the elderly and its relationship with leisure time activities. J Sabzevar Univ Med Sci (Asrar), 10(4), 12-19. (In Persian)
8. Barati, M., Fathi, Y., Soltanian, A., Moeini, B., (2012). Mental Health Condition and Health Promoting Behaviors among Elders in Hamadan. Avicenna J Nurs Midwifery Care, 20(3), 12-22. (In Persian)
9. Vahdani Nia, MS., Goshtasebi, A., Montazeri, A., Maftoon, F., (2005). Health-related quality of life in an elderly population in Iran: A population-based study. 4(2), 113-120. (In Persian)
10. Ghaleh Bandi, M.,(2011).Clinical Psychiatry For Medical Students and General Practitioners.Tehran, Teimourzadeh. (In Persian)
11. Fischer, B., Timely,G., (2010). Depression Diagnosis Critical to Maintain Health of Elderly. University of Missouri researchers. find non-mood changes related to depression in elderly. |on line|.
12. Moshfeghi, G., Rezabakhsh, H., Danesh, E., (2014).Scientific research journal of the Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Healthcare Services, 24(86). (In Persian)
13. Rashedi, V.,(2012) .Aging Categorization line|.
14. Afifian, M,. Keshmri, H., Moztarzadeh, H., Ziari, K.,(2023). Improving the quality of the outdoor environment for the elderly in the residential complexes of the future city Emphasizing the elements of the biophilic approach, Future Cities Vision Quarterly,4(3). (In Persian)
15. Wilson, Edward O., (1992), The diversity of life, Harvard University Press.
16. Kellert, S. R., Heerwagen, J., (2008). In S. R. Kellert, J. H., Heerwagen M. L. Mador (Eds.), Biophilic design: The theory, science, and practice of bringing buildings to life. Hoboken, New Jersey, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
17. Liu, J., Wei, Y., Lu, S., Wang, R., Chen, LXu F., (2021). The elderly’s preference for the outdoor environment in Fragrant Hills Nursing Home, Beijing: Interpreting the visual-behavioural relationship. In Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 64.
18. Taheri, S., Shabani, A., Ghasemi Sichani, M., (2019). The Role of Therapeutic Landscape in Improving Mental Health of People with PTSD. In Psychological Trauma. (In Persian)
19. Zhao, Y., Mourshed, M., (2017). Patients' perspectives on the design of hospital outpatient areas. In Buildings, 7.
20. Zabihi, Hussein., Habib, Farah., Rahbari Manesh, Kamal.,(2011). Investigating the Relationship Between Satisfaction Of Residential Complexes And The Impact Of Residential Complexes On Human Relations, Urban Identity Journal. 8, 118- 103. (In Persian)
21. Moghimi, N., Momeni.,(2019). Checking and evaluating the efficiency of urban spaces in the requirements Seniors with an emphasis on urban parks, New attitudes in human geography,3, 397-414. (In Persian)
22. Tsai, M., Cushing, DF., Brough, M., (2020). I've always lived in a place with gardens: Residents' homemaking experiences in Australian agedcare gardens. In Health and Place, 61.
23. Wilson, E.,(2003). The future of life. New York: Vintage.
24. Salehifard, M., khakpour, B., Rafiyei, H., Tavanghar, M., (2010), An Analysis on the Social Dimensions ofUrban Green Spaces with an Emphasis on the Perspective of Citizens. Journal of Geographical Space. 11, 56-58-59-62. (In Persian)
25. McHarg, Ian., (2007). design with nature (Gholamohsin Vahabzadeh, translator). Mashhad: Academic Jihad Publications of Mashhad University.
26. Khatibi, S., Zare, L., Kabuli, M.H., (2017).The effect of green space and landscape design on enhancing the feeling of belonging to a place in residential complexes City identity, 35. (In Persian)
27. Gonzalez, MT., Kirkevold, M.,(2015). Clinical use of sensory gardens and outdoor environments in Norwegian nursing homes: a crosssectional E-mail survey. Issues in Mental Health Nursing. 36(1), 35–43.
28. Bengtsson, A., Carlsson, G.,(2005). Outdoor environments at three Nursing homes. Journal of Housing For the Elderly. 19( 3-4), 49– 69.
29. Kring, A M., Davison, G C., Neal, J M., Johnson, SL., (2007). Abnormal Psychology] Translated by Shamsipour H. Tehran, Arjmand. (In Persian)
30. Hewson Mitchell, L., (1997). Horticulture as Therapy. A Practical Guide to Using Horticulture as a Therapeutic Tool.Guelph, on, Canada N1G 2G1.
31. Gonzalez, MT., Hartig, T., Patil, GG., (2011), A prospective study of group cohesiveness in therapeutic horticulture for clinical epression|abstract|. International Journal of Mental Heaith Nursing. 20(2), 119- 129.
32. Rappe, E., Koivunen, T., Korpela, E.,(2008) .Group gardening in mental outpatient care.Therapeutic Communities, 29(3), 273-284.
33. McCaffrey R Liehr, P., Gregersen,., Nishioka, R., (2011). Garden walking and art therapy for depression in older adults. Research in Gerontological Nursing. 4(4), 237-42.
34. Fried, G G., Wichrowski, M J., (2008). Horticultural therapy: A psychosocial treatment option at the Stephen D. Hassenfeld Children’s Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders.Primary Psychiatry. 15(7), 73-77.
35. Alston Letitcia, Y., (2010). The Effectiveness of Horticultural Therapy Groups on Adults with a Diagnosis ofDepression. Counselor education masters theses, The college at Brockport state university of New York.
36. heidar nattaj, V., Hatami, N., Ahmadi, F., (2021), Determination of Effective Criteria on the Improvement of Seniors’ Mental Health Using Biophilic Design: A Case Study on District 1 of Tehran Municipality Quarterly Journal of Urban Structure and Function Studies. 8(28), 243-274.(In Persian)
37. birckhead, Loreta, M.,(1989). Psychiatric mental health nursing the therapeutic use of self Philadelphia: J.B Lippincott Co.
38. Shamlou, GA.,1985. What is aging? Why do we get old? Tehran: Chehar Publications
39. Helm Seresht, P., DelPisheh, Ismail.,(1992). Rehabilitation and health of the disabled. Tehran: Chehar Publications. (In Persian)
40. Majidi, AM.,(1989). Almandi issues and geriatric medicine, Tehran: Vahid Publications.
41. Sayah, AH.,(1999), Farhang Jame Farsi in Farsi/Islam Publications/3rd edition.
42. J Braham, B.,(2018). Goal setting, guidance towards personal satisfaction. Translated by Javad Montazhari and Shahnaz Montazhari. Tehran: Nasl Navandish. (In Persian)
43. Galbraith, J.,2003. The culture of satisfaction. Translated by Saeed Sari Aslani. Tehran.
44. Yaran, A., Behroo, H.,(2017). The Impact of Green Space of High-rise Residential Complex on Residents’ Satisfaction, Case Study: A Residential Complex in Tehran. Armanshahr Architecture & Urban Developmen t, 9(17). 151-162.(In Persian)
45. Salehifard, M., khakpour, B., Rafiyei, H., Tavanghar, M., (2010), An Analysis on the Social Dimensions ofUrban Green Spaces with an Emphasis on the Perspective of Citizens. Journal of Geographical Space, 11, 56-58-59-62. (In Persian)
46. Hamid, N., Babamiriy, M. ,(2012). The Relationship between Mental Health of Green Space. Brought the Knowledge Magazine. 4, 311. (In Persian)
47. Mirmoqtadai, Mehta., (2008), criteria for measuring the possibility of forming, recording and transferring collective memories in the city, Fine Arts Magazine, 37, 5-16. (In Persian)
48. Golipour, S., Mansouri, O., Rezaei, N., (2016), The right of the elderly to the city in Kermanshah/ Social work research paper,Allameh Tabatabai University, 14, 1-35. (In Persian)
49. Dahlkvist, E., Hartig, T., Nilsson, A ., (2016), Garden greenery and the health of older people in residential care facilities: a multi-level cross-sectional study/jan, Orginal Reserch: Empirical Reseaarch – Quantitive.
50. Dogan Karaman, G., Arsalan Selcuk, S., (2021), Restorative Design Approach for Elderly People: Revisiting Biophilia Hypothesis and Universal Design Principles in Assisted Living Facilities. GU J Sci, Part B, 9(1): 19-28
51. Cremer, S., Katharina Rosteius, K., Zwakhalen, S., (2024). Utilizing the physical green care environment to support activities of daily living for nursing home residents: a focused ethnographic case study, BMC Nursing, 23(160).