تعیینکنندههای توانمندسازی روانشناختی زنان روستایی شهرستان مرودشت
محورهای موضوعی : تکتونواستراتیگرافی
اذرمیدخت رضایی
1
(عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد مرودشت)
کیومرث زرافشانی
2
(کیومرث زرافشانی، دانشیار، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی)
مژگان خوش مرام
3
(مدرس گروه کارآفرینی و توسعه روستایی، دانشگاه ایلام)
نعمت اله شیری
4
(استادیار، گروه کارآفرینی و توسعه روستایی، دانشگاه ایلام)
کلید واژه: زنان روستایی, توانمندسازی, توانمندسازی روانشناختی, شهرستان مرودشت,
چکیده مقاله :
پژوهش حاضر با هدف اصلی شناسایی تعیینکنندههای توانمندسازی روانشناختی زنان نواحی روستایی شهرستان مرودشت انجام شد. جامعۀ آماری پژوهش شامل تمام جمعیت فعال (15 تا 65 سال) زنان روستایی شهرستان مرودشت بودند که با استفاده از جدول بارتلت و همکاران (2001)، 227 نفر از آن‌ها به روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی خوشه‌ای چندمرحله‌ای انتخاب شدند. ابزار اصلی پژوهش پرسشنامه‌ای بود که روایی آن توسط جمعی از متخصصان و روایی سازه و پایایی آن با محاسبۀ ضریب آلفای کرونباخ و پایایی ترکیبی بررسی شد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها در دو بخش آمار توصیفی و استنباطی با استفاده از نرم‌افزارهای SPSS نسخۀ 25 و SmartPLS نسخۀ سه انجام شد. یافته‌های مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری نشان داد عوامل اجتماعی، عوامل اقتصادی و عوامل نهادی تأثیر مثبت و معناداری بر توانمندسازی روانشناختی زنان نواحی روستایی شهرستان مرودشت داشتند. در نهایت، راهکارهایی نظیر «دادن وام و اعتبارات به زنان روستایی»، «راه‌اندازی صندوق‌ها و مؤسساتی با هدف حمایت مادی و معنوی از زنان روستایی» و «بالا بردن سطح آگاهی، دانش و مهارت زندگی» برای بهبود توانمندسازی روانشناختی زنان نواحی روستایی شهرستان مرودشت پیشنهاد شد.
The main purpose of this study was to identifying determinants of psychological empowerment and provides solutions among women of rural area in Marvdasht Township. Statistical population consisted of all active women (15 to 65 years) in rural area in Marvdasht Township, that using Bartlett et al. (2001)’s sampling table, 227 of them were selected as the sample using the multistage cluster sampling method (n=227). The main instrument in this study was questionnaire which its validity were confirmed by the panel of experts and construct validity and its reliability was established by Cronbach's Alpha coefficient and composite reliability. Data were analyzed by SPSSwin25 and SmartPLS3 softwares in two parts of descriptive and inferential statistics. Based on the results of structural equation modeling the social factors, economic factors and institutional factors had a positive and significant effect on the psychological empowerment among women of rural areas of Marvdasht Township. Finally, several solutions such as "Providing loans and credits to rural women", "Launching funds and institutions aimed at supporting rural women" and "raising the level of knowledge and skills of rural women" to improve the psychological empowerment among women of rural areas of Marvdasht Township was presented.
Abbaspour, A., Badri, M. (2016). The Relationship Between Psychological Empowerment and Effective Factors of Productivity of Human Resources. Management Studies in Development and Evolution, 24(79): 73-100.
Abolfathzadeh, Z., Yousefi, A. & Amini, A. M. (2016). Evaluation of Factors Affecting Rural Women Empowerment in Isfahan City. Women’s Studies, 7 (15): 1-27.
Alsop, Ruth., Heinsohn, Nina. (2005). Measuring Empowerment in Practice: Structuring Analysis and Framing Indicators. World Bank Policy Research Working, 35-10.
Amini, A. M., Ahmadi, M. A. & Abedi, S. (2007). Rural Women's Employment in Two Townships of Esfahan Province. Quarterly Journal of Women’s Studies Sociological and Psychological, 5 (1): 65-91.
Bakhshi, Fataneh., Shojaeizadeh, Davoud., Sadeghi, Roya., Nedjat, Saharnaz., Taghdisi, Mohammad Hossein., Laverack, Glenn. (2017). Psychological empowerment of NGO women in Iran: Designing a tool. Electronic Physician, 9 (9), 5270-5278.
Bartlett, J., Kotrlik, J. & Higgins, C. (2001). Organizational research: Determining appropriation sample size in survey research. Information technology, learning, and performance Journal, 1 (19), 43- 50.
Becker, J., Kovach, A.C., Gronseth, D.L. (2004). Individual empowerment: How community health workers operationalize self-determination, self-sufficiency, and decision-making abilities of low-income mothers, Journal of Community Psychology, 32(3): 327–342.
Charmchian Langerodi, M., Alibaygi, A. (2013). An Investigation of Effective Factors on Rrural Women's Psychological Empowerment in Sari. Quarterly Journal of Women and Society, 4(13), 165-192.
Charmiyan, M. (2016). The Role of Social Capital on Female Citrus Orchardists' Empowerment in Sari Township. Quarterly Journal of Women and Society, 7(25), 1-28.
Degago, Esayas., Yibeltal, Aschale. (2018). Role of Microfinances in Socio-Economic and Psychological Empowerment of Women in Some Selected Zones of Somali Region, Ethiopia. Journal of Poverty, Investment and Development, 44, 67- 81.
Faghiri, M., Alibagi, A. H., Pourghasem, F. & Tatar, M. (2014). Predicting Empowerment of Rural Women Using Pattern Based Discriminant Analysis. Educational Journal of Women and Family, 9 (27): 113-133.
Giuliano, P. (2014). The Role of Women in Society: from Preindustrial to Modern Times. CESifo Economic Studies, 63 (1): 33- 52.
Islam, N., Ezaz, A., Chew, J., D’Netto, B. (2012). Determinants of empowerment of rural women in Bangladesh, World Journal of Management, 4 (2), 36 - 56.
Jalilian, S. & Saadi, H. (2016). Investigation Effect of Socio– Economical Components on Rural Women’s Psychological Empowerment in Islamabad Qarb County. Journal of Rural Research, 6(4): 745-767.
Kaldi, A., Salahshouri, P. (2012). The Investigation of Social Support’s Effect on Women Empowerment. Journal of Iranian Social Development Studies, 4(4), 7-22.
Karimivakil, A., shafiabady, A., farahbakhsh, K., younesi, J. (2018). Compilation a psychological empowerment program based on individual psychology theory and and evaluation its effectiveness on female-headed household’s empowerment’s. Women Studies, 9(23): 135-167.
Khan, T. M. (2010). Socio-cultural Determinants of Women’s Empowerment in Punjab. Pakistan, Ph.D dis, University of Agriculture.
Kimiaee, S. A. (2011). Methods Used for Empowering Head-of-Household Women. Social Welfare, (40): 63-92.
Kishor, S., Gupta, K. (2004). Women's empowerment in India and its states: evidence from the NFHS. Economic and Political Weekly, 39 (7): 43-77.
Koeing, A. M., Saifuddin, A., Bazle, H., Mozumder, KH. (2003). Womens Status and Domestic Violence in Rural Bangladesh Individual and Community Level Effects. Demography, 40 (2): 93-111.
Li, C. P., Li, X. X., Shi, K. (2006). The Measurement of Empowerment and Its Relationship with Work Attitude of Employees. Journal of Psychology, 38, 99-106.
Malhotra, A., Schüler, S., Boender, C. (2003). Measuring women’s empowerment as a variable in international development, Paper presented at
the International Council for Research on Women (ICRW) Insight and Action Seminar, Washington, DC 12 November 2003.
Nakhoda, M., Rahimian, S., Esmaieli Givi, M. (2014). Explaining effective factors on female’s psychological empowerment in information and knowledge services. Women in Development & Politics, 12(3), 469-488.
Parveen, S. (2007). Gender awareness of rural women in Bangladesh. Journal of International Women’s Studies, 1, 253- 269.
Rahman. M., Naoroze, K. (2007). Women empowerment through participation in aquaculture: Experience of a Large-scale Technology Demonstration Project in Bangladesh, Journal of Social Science 3(4), 164-171.
Rezaeimoghadam, K. & Nematpour, L. (2014). Activity of Vermicompost Production Associations as a Practice of Empowering Rural Women: A Case Study of Fars Province, Iran. Village and Development, 17 (3): 83-103.
Shaditalab, Z., Vahabbi, M. & Varmzayar, H. (2005). Poverty, Only One Aspect of Female Headed Houshold's Poverty. Social Welfare, 5 (17) :227-248.
Shakori, A., Rafatjah, M. & Jafari, M. (2007). An Analysis of Factors Affecting Women's Empowerment Components. Womwn in Development and policy, 5 (1): 1-26.
Singh, N. (1995). In search of unity: Some thoughts on family-professional relationships in service delivery systems. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 4 (1): 3-18.
Taghipour, Ali., Sadat Borghei, Narjes., Latifnejad Roudsari, Robab., Keramat, Afsaneh., Jabbari Nooghabi, Hadi. (2016). Psychological Empowerment Model in Iranian Pregnant Women. International Journal of Community Based Nursing Midwifery, 4 (4), 339-351.
Thomas, K., Velthouse, B. (1990). Cognitive Elements of Empowerment: An "interpretive Model of Intrinsic task Motivation". Academy of Management Review, 38, 91- 123.
Vatankhah Noghani, A., Ghasemi, M. & Javan, J. (2016). Identify and prioritize strategies for the empowerment of women in rural migration Based on the SWOT matrix technique QSPM (Case Study: Mashhad County). Women's Studies Sociological and Psychological, 14(3), 5-6.
White, S. C. (2010). Domains of contestation: Women's empowerment and Islam in Bangladesh. Women’s studies international forum, 33 (4): 334-344.
Wilson, P.A. (1996). Empowerment: Community Economics Development from the Inside Out, Urban Studies, 33, 617-31.
World Health Organization. (2006). What is the evidence on effectiveness of empowerment to improve health?. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe.