راهبردهای مدیریت شهری هوشمند(رویکردی جهت ارتقای مدیریت بهره‌وری شهری)
محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت پروژه
عارف منادی
1
(دانشجوی پسا دکترای گروه مدیریت شهری دانشگاه علم و صنعت، تهران، ایران.)
مصطفی بهزادفر
2
(استاد گروه شهرسازی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت، تهران، ایران)
کلید واژه: مدیریت, مدیریت بهره‌وری, مدیریت بهره‌وری هوشمند,
چکیده مقاله :
امروزه شیوه مطلوب ادارة شهرها با اعمال نظام مدیریت بهره‌وری مرتبط است. بدین سبب شهرها تحت تأثیر نیروها و فرایندهای مدیریتی دچار گسترش کالبدی می‌شوند. کنترل رشد و توسعه شهرها از نظر کالبدی و جمعیتی نیازمند وجود مدیریت سازمان‌یافته و کارآمد است که بتواند تمامی عوامل و عناصر مؤثر در ادارة شهر را به نحوی مطلوب جهت پاسخگویی به نیاز شهروندان سازماندهی کند؛ زیرا شهر به‌عنوان یک منبع توسعه مطرح است و جایگاه مدیریت بهره‌وری در روند توسعه شهر و بهبود سکونت‌گاه‌های شهری نقش بسیار مهم و تعیین‌کننده دارد. در این پژوهش مؤلفه‌های شهر هوشمند و ارتباط آن با مدیریت بهره‌وری در کلانشهر تبریز بررسی شده است.. روش پژوهش حاضر توصیفی از نوع پیمایشی و از حیث هدف کاربردی است. جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل شهرداری منطقه دهگانه شهر تبریز و افراد ساکن در مناطق شهرداری تبریز در سال 1400 می‌باشند. پرسش‌شوندگان مجموعاً 120 نفر (80 نفر مرد و 40 نفر زن است) اغلب پاسخگویان را گروه جنسی مردان (67 درصد) تشکیل می‌دهند و ابزار جمع‌آوری داده ها شامل پرسش نامه است. یافته‌های حاصل از پژوهش که بر اساس تحلیل AHP و TOPSIS انجام شده، نشان میدهد که مناطق 7 و 5 و 10 از نظر مدیریت بهره‌وری هوشمند در وضعیت مناسب قرار ندارند و به بازنگری در سیستم مدیریت بهره‌وری نیاز دارند. همچنین بازنگری در زیرساخت‌های مدیریت راهبردی، آموزش نیروی انسانی، خدماتی و کاربردی برای استقرار شهرداری الکترونیک در شهرداری تبریز امر ضرور است.
Today, the optimal way of managing cities is the application of the productivity management system as cities undergo physical expansion under the influence of management forces and processes. Controlling the growth and development of cities in terms of physical and population requires an organized efficient management that can organize all the effective factors and elements in the city administration in a favorable way to meet the needs of the citizens. Cities are considered as a source of development and productivity management has a very important and decisive role in the process of city development and the improvement of urban settlements. In this research, the components of the smart city and its relationship with productivity management in the metropolis of Tabriz have been investigated. The statistical population of the research included the municipality of ten districts of Tabriz and people living in the areas of Tabriz municipality in 1400. A total of 120 people (80 men and 40 women) were interviewed; the majority of the respondents were men (67 percent), and the data collection tool included a questionnaire. The findings of the research were based on AHP and TOPSIS analysis. The results revealed that regions 7, 5 and 10 are not in a good state in terms of smart productivity management and need reconsidering the productivity management system, the infrastructure of strategic management, as well as training human resources, service staff and operators for the establishment of electronic municipality in Tabriz municipality.
Angelidou, Margarita. "Smart city policies: A spatial approach." Cities, Vol. 41, Pp.3-11, 2014.
Ashrafi, Yousef, (2009), CDS; A New Approach in Urban Planning in an Analytical Approach, Quarterly Journal of Urban Management, No. 23, pp. 12-13. [In Pershian]
Bazargan, Abbas, Sarmad, Zohreh and Hejazi, Elahe, (2006), Research Methods in Behavioral Sciences, Agah Publishing Institute, Twelfth Edition, Tehran. [In Pershian]
Barakpour, Nasser, (1390), Urban Governance and Urban Management System in Iran, Proceedings of the First Conference on Urban Planning and Management, Mashhad. [In Pershian]
Barakpour, Nasser, Asadi, Iraj,(2011), Urban Management and Urban Governance, Tehran University of Arts Publications, Tehran. [In Pershian]
Bast, Jan, (1992), Research Methods in Educational and Behavioral Sciences, Roshd Publications, translated by Hassan Pasha Sharifi and Narges Taleghani, Tehran, 1-556.
Papli Yazdi, Mohammad Hossein and Rajabi Sanajerdi, Hossein,(2003), Theories of the city and its surroundings, Samat Publications. Tehran.
Taqvaee, Massoud. Ghaffari, Seyed Ramin,(2010), Spatial Planning in the Development of Tourism Industry (Case Study: Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Bazaft Axis), Journal of Geographical Research, University of Isfahan, No. 1, p.23. [In Pershian]
Taqvaee, Massoud. Noorbakhsh, Seyed Hassan and others. (1386). Leveling Urban Development in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province Using Advanced Techniques of Factor Analysis and Cluster Analysis, Publisher: Sepehr, 62. [In Pershian]
Hatami Nejad, Hossein, Faraji Mollai, Amin, (2011), Feasibility study of implementing urban development strategy plans in Iran, urban and regional studies and researches, second year, eighth issue, p.21 . [In Pershian]
Hafeznia, Mohammad Reza, (2003), Introduction to Research Methodology in Humanities, Samat Publications, First Edition, Tehran . [In Pershian]
Khaki, Gholamreza, (2007), Research Method with an Approach to Dissertation Writing, Bazetab Publications, Third Edition, Tehran. [In Pershian]
Dadashpour, Hashem, (2011), Urban Management, Goals and Strategies, Tadbir Magazine, No. 12, p.5. [In Pershian]
Rezaian, Ali, (1997), Design of Comparative Studies in Management, Journal of Management Knowledge, No. 35 and 36 . [In Pershian]
Rafieian, Mojati, Prohossein, Ali, (2011), Good urban governance from the perspective of urban planning theories, Tahan Publications, Tehran. [In Pershian]
Rahnamaei, Mohammad Taghi, Shah Hosseini, Parvaneh, (2008), Iran Urban Planning Process, Samat Publications. Tehran. [In Pershian]
Sattari, Sarbangholi, Hassan, Zabihi, Hossein, (2009), A view on the concepts of urban management of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) in Medina, the manifestation of the beauty of urban management in the Islamic city, Journal of Management, Third Year, No. 10. [In Pershian]
Sedler, Philip, (1991), Searching for the roots of management in the depths of history, Tadbir Magazine, No. 11.
Saeidnia, Ahmad, (2004), Green Book of Municipalities, Urban Land Use, Center for Urban Studies and Planning, Volume 2, Tehran.
Saeidnia, Ahmad, (2009), Green Book of Municipalities, Volume of Urban Management, Publications of Municipalities and Villages Organization, Tehran.
Saeedi Rezvani, Navid, (1999), Research on the concept of municipalities, Municipalities Monthly, first year, first issue, pp. 12-15. . [In Pershian]
Seif al-Dini et al., (2013), Study of the contexts and obstacles to the growth of smart cities in middle cities Case study: Khorramabad, Land Management, Volume 5, Number 2, p. 32. [In Pershian]
Alam Tabriz, Akbar and Faraji, Razieh and Saeedi, Hesam,(2010), Evaluating the efficiency of Shahid Beheshti University faculties with an integrated approach of data envelopment analysis and ideal planning model, Quarterly Journal of Industrial Management, 8th year, No. 19, p. 10. [In Pershian]
Alam Tabriz, Akbar and Rajabi Meybodi, Alireza and Zareian, Mohammad, (2009), The function of fuzzy TOPSIS technique in improving the efficiency of bank branches using DEA, Journal of Industrial Management, Volume 1, Number 3. [In Pershian]
Ghorbani, Rasoul, (2014), An Attitude on New Urban Patterns, Tabriz, Forouzeh Publications. [In Pershian]
Ghorbani, Rasoul, Jaghfari, Firooz, Mohammad Taghi, Maboudi, Hosseinabadi, Saeed, Gharavi, Mohammad, -Javadzadeh Aghdam, 2011, An Attitude to New Urban Planning Patterns, Tehran. [In Pershian]
Ghorbani, Rasoul, Noshad, Somayeh,(2008), Intelligent Growth Strategy in Urban Development, Principles and Strategies, Quarterly Journal of Geographical Research, No. 63. p.17. [In Pershian]
Kazemian, Gholamreza,(1392), An Introduction to the Model of Urban Governance, Urban Planning Research, Nos. 19 and 20. . [In Pershian]
Kazemian, Gholamreza, Saeedi Rezvani, Navid,(2013), Feasibility Study of Assigning New Duties to Municipalities, Volume 3, Publications of the Organization of Municipalities and Rural Affairs, Tehran . [In Pershian]
Kamyar, Gholamreza,(2007), Urban Law and Urban Planning, Majd Scientific and Cultural Association Publications, Tehran. . [In Pershian]
Kamanroudi, Musa(2005), Structural Barriers to Urban Development Management in Iran, Quarterly Journal of Political Economy, Third Year, No. 10, p.7 . [In Pershian]
Latifi, Gholamreza,(2005), Tehran Urban Management Process after the Imposed Jag, Economic Political Information,No.217,pp.17-2 [In Pershian]
Latifi, Gholamreza, 2013, Urban Management, Publications of the Organization of Municipalities and Rural Affairs, Tehran. [In Pershian]
Mantana, Patrick,(1999), The Inclusive Culture of Management Knowledge, translated by Sohrab Khalili Shourini, Yadavareh Kitab Publishing, Tehran.
Tehran Center for Studies and Planning, (2008), Pathology, Feasibility Study and Development of Principles for Designing Patterns of Citizen Participation in the Department of Urban Affairs, Musa Kamanroudi Project Manager, Tehran. [In Pershian]
Tehran Center for Studies and Planning, (2010), Good Urban Governance, Daneshshahr Magazine, No. 11, p. 19. [In Pershian]
Mozini, Manouchehr, (1995), Urban and rural management in Iran, their problems and facilities, National Land and Housing Organization Publications, Tehran. [In Pershian]
Mozini, Manouchehr,(2000), Municipality, Councils and Urban Management in Iran, Urban Management Quarterly, No. 2. . [In Pershian]
Veisi, Akbar, Faisundi, Arman, Faisundi, Hamid, (1390), Electronic City of Realities of Tomorrow's Cities, Year 5, No. 45, p. 32. . [In Pershian]
Veisi, Muslimullah, (2011), Intelligent Growth and Internal Development of Cities, Case Study: Sanandaj, Master Thesis in Geography and Urban Planning, Kharazmi University. [In Pershian]
Anthopoulos, L., Tsoukalas, I.A. (2005): The implementation model of a Digital City. The casestudy of the first Digital City in Greece: e-Trikala. Journal of e Government 2(2)
Asgarpour, M.J., (2008), Multiple-criteria Decision Making, University Tehran of Press,Tehran. . [In Pershian]
Bakıcı, Tuba, Esteve Almirall, and Jonathan Wareham. "A smart city initiative: the case of Barcelona." Journal of the Knowledge Economy 4, no. 2 (2013): 135-148.
Bakıcı, Tuba, Esteve Almirall, and Jonathan Wareham. "A smart city initiative: the case of Barcelona." Journal of the Knowledge Economy 4, no. 2 (2013): 135-148.
Bartlett, L. (2005). Smart city: Social entrepreneurship and community engagement in a rural regional city. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Engaging Communities, 1-218.
Buscher, V., and L. Doody. (2013), "Global innovators: International case studies on smart cities." BIS Research, 1-58..
Caragliu, A., Del Bo, C., & Nijkamp, P. (2009). Smart cities in Europe. In Proceedings of the 3rd Central European Conference in Regional Science, 45-59.
Chrysochoou. M, et al. (2012). A GIS and indexing scheme to screen brownfields for area-wide redevelopment planning, Landscape and Urban Planning 105, 187-198.
Cooke. Phil and Lisa De Propris. (2011). A policy agenda for EU smart growth: the role of creative and cultural industries, Policy Studies, Vol. 32, No.
Cowan, R .2009. The Dictionary of Urbanism, Streetwise Press.
Cowan, R., 2005, The Dictionary of Urbanism, Streetwise Press, 1-468.
Dameri, Renata Paola.) 2017(“Smart City and Digital City Implementation: Two Best Practices in Europe." In Smart City Implementation, Springer, Cham pp. 109-154.
Dijk, Jan van (2004) “the One Dimensional Network Society of Manuel Castells”. Chronicle world.7th Jan, 127-138.
Edvinsson, L. (2009). Aspects on the city as a knowledge tool. Journal of Knowledge Management, 10(5), 6-13.
Feiock, R., Antonio F. Tavares, and Mark Lubell. (2008). Policy Instrument Choices for Growth Management and Land Use Regulation, The Policy Studies Journal 36 (3): 461-80.
Florida, R. (2002). The Rise of the Creative Class: And How it’s transforming work, leisure, community and everyday life. New York: Perseus Book Group, 1-512.
Knaap, G., &Talen, E, (2005), New Urbanism and Smart Growth: A Few Words from the Academy: London: Sage Publication.
Komninos, N., & Sefertzi, E. (2009). Intelligent cities: R& Doffshoring, Web 2.0 product development and globalizationof innovation systems. Paper presented at the Second Knowledge Cities.
Litman, T. (2005). Evaluating Criticism of Smart Growth, Victoria transport policy institute. (www.vtpi.org).
Littman, T (2010). Evaluating Criticism of Growth, Victoria Transportation Policy (www.vtpi.org).
Luis M. Correia, Klaus Wünstel (2011) “smart cities, application and requirements” White Paper 2011-05-20.
Malek, J. A. (2009). Informative global community development index of informative smart city. In Proceedingsof the 8th WSEAS International Conference on Education and Educational Technology (Genova, Italy, Oct 17-19).
Deena Khatkhate. (1971), management in developing countries, Journal of JAG, 8-16.
McCann, B. (2005). Driven to Spend, Surface Transportation Policy Project. Available at: http//www.transact.org/PDFs/DriventoSpend.pdf. pp 2-8.
McGill, R. (1998), Urban Management in Developing Countries, Cities, Vol.5, No.6.
Momeni, M., (2009), New Approach in Operation Research, University Tehran of Press, Tehran. . [In Pershian]
Peiser, Richard. (2001). Decomposing Urban Sprawl ", Town Planning Review. 72(3), 275-298.
Putnam RD. (1993). Bowling Alone@ America's Declining Social Capital, journal of democracy, Vol.6.
Rakodi,C.(2001). Forget planning, put politics first? Priorities for urban
Rezende, Denis Alcides. "Strategic Digital City Projects: Innovative Information and Public Services Offered by Chicago (USA) and Curitiba (Brazil)." In Enhancing Knowledge Discovery and Innovation in the Digital Era, Pp. 204-223, 2018.
Short, John Renard(2004), urban Theory, A critical Assessment New York, Palgrave Macmillan Thomas A.Hutton, globalization and urban restructuring within the Asia-Pacific, New development trajectories and planning responses, Progress in planning, 1-310.
Sim, Loo-Lee and et al(2003),Singapore’s competitiveness as a global city: development strategy,institutions and business environment,20(2),115- 127.
Tolbert, Caroline, Karen Mossberger, and Chris Anderson. (2014), "Measuring change in internet use and broadband adoption: comparing BTOP smart communities and other Chicago neighborhoods.", 1-33.
Van Dijk, M.P(2006) . Managing Cities in Developing Countries ,publish in chinese by renmin university press,212 p.
Walmsley, A. (2006). Greenways: multiplying and diversifying in the 21st century, Landscape and Urban Planning, 76.
Williams, M. (2010) digital cities survey winners announced. Government Technology. Available thttp://www.govtech.com/e-government/2010-Digital-Cities-Survey-Winners-Announced.html, Nov18.
Winters, J. V. (2010). Why are smart cities growing? Who moves and who stays. Journal of Regional Science, 20(10),1-18.
Wong & others. (2006), Strategic Urban Management in China: A Case Study of Guangzhou Development District, Habitat International, 30(3), 645-667.
Yang, F., (2005), If ‘Smart’ is ‘Sustainable’? An Analysis of Smart Growth Policies and Its Successful Practices, A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Community and Regional Planning, Iowa State University Ames.
Yang, F., (2009), If ‘Smart’ is ‘Sustainable’? An Analysis of Smart Growth Policies and Its Successful Practices, A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Community and Regional Planning, Iowa State University Ames.
Yigitcanlar, T., & McCartney, R. (2010). Strategi sing knowledge-based urban development: Knowledge city transformations of Brisbane, Australia. In Proceedings of the14th International Planning History Society (IPHS)Conference, (Istanbul, Turkey, Jul 12-15).
Yovanof, G. S., & Hazapis, G. N. (2009). An architectural framework and enabling wireless technologies for digitalcities & intelligent urban environments. Wireless Personal Communications, 49(3), 445-463. Available thttp://www.springerlink.com/content/g1v63025217mt8x0
_||_
Angelidou, Margarita. "Smart city policies: A spatial approach." Cities, Vol. 41, Pp.3-11, 2014.
Ashrafi, Yousef, (2009), CDS; A New Approach in Urban Planning in an Analytical Approach, Quarterly Journal of Urban Management, No. 23, pp. 12-13. [In Pershian]
Bazargan, Abbas, Sarmad, Zohreh and Hejazi, Elahe, (2006), Research Methods in Behavioral Sciences, Agah Publishing Institute, Twelfth Edition, Tehran. [In Pershian]
Barakpour, Nasser, (1390), Urban Governance and Urban Management System in Iran, Proceedings of the First Conference on Urban Planning and Management, Mashhad. [In Pershian]
Barakpour, Nasser, Asadi, Iraj,(2011), Urban Management and Urban Governance, Tehran University of Arts Publications, Tehran. [In Pershian]
Bast, Jan, (1992), Research Methods in Educational and Behavioral Sciences, Roshd Publications, translated by Hassan Pasha Sharifi and Narges Taleghani, Tehran, 1-556.
Papli Yazdi, Mohammad Hossein and Rajabi Sanajerdi, Hossein,(2003), Theories of the city and its surroundings, Samat Publications. Tehran.
Taqvaee, Massoud. Ghaffari, Seyed Ramin,(2010), Spatial Planning in the Development of Tourism Industry (Case Study: Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Bazaft Axis), Journal of Geographical Research, University of Isfahan, No. 1, p.23. [In Pershian]
Taqvaee, Massoud. Noorbakhsh, Seyed Hassan and others. (1386). Leveling Urban Development in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province Using Advanced Techniques of Factor Analysis and Cluster Analysis, Publisher: Sepehr, 62. [In Pershian]
Hatami Nejad, Hossein, Faraji Mollai, Amin, (2011), Feasibility study of implementing urban development strategy plans in Iran, urban and regional studies and researches, second year, eighth issue, p.21 . [In Pershian]
Hafeznia, Mohammad Reza, (2003), Introduction to Research Methodology in Humanities, Samat Publications, First Edition, Tehran . [In Pershian]
Khaki, Gholamreza, (2007), Research Method with an Approach to Dissertation Writing, Bazetab Publications, Third Edition, Tehran. [In Pershian]
Dadashpour, Hashem, (2011), Urban Management, Goals and Strategies, Tadbir Magazine, No. 12, p.5. [In Pershian]
Rezaian, Ali, (1997), Design of Comparative Studies in Management, Journal of Management Knowledge, No. 35 and 36 . [In Pershian]
Rafieian, Mojati, Prohossein, Ali, (2011), Good urban governance from the perspective of urban planning theories, Tahan Publications, Tehran. [In Pershian]
Rahnamaei, Mohammad Taghi, Shah Hosseini, Parvaneh, (2008), Iran Urban Planning Process, Samat Publications. Tehran. [In Pershian]
Sattari, Sarbangholi, Hassan, Zabihi, Hossein, (2009), A view on the concepts of urban management of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) in Medina, the manifestation of the beauty of urban management in the Islamic city, Journal of Management, Third Year, No. 10. [In Pershian]
Sedler, Philip, (1991), Searching for the roots of management in the depths of history, Tadbir Magazine, No. 11.
Saeidnia, Ahmad, (2004), Green Book of Municipalities, Urban Land Use, Center for Urban Studies and Planning, Volume 2, Tehran.
Saeidnia, Ahmad, (2009), Green Book of Municipalities, Volume of Urban Management, Publications of Municipalities and Villages Organization, Tehran.
Saeedi Rezvani, Navid, (1999), Research on the concept of municipalities, Municipalities Monthly, first year, first issue, pp. 12-15. . [In Pershian]
Seif al-Dini et al., (2013), Study of the contexts and obstacles to the growth of smart cities in middle cities Case study: Khorramabad, Land Management, Volume 5, Number 2, p. 32. [In Pershian]
Alam Tabriz, Akbar and Faraji, Razieh and Saeedi, Hesam,(2010), Evaluating the efficiency of Shahid Beheshti University faculties with an integrated approach of data envelopment analysis and ideal planning model, Quarterly Journal of Industrial Management, 8th year, No. 19, p. 10. [In Pershian]
Alam Tabriz, Akbar and Rajabi Meybodi, Alireza and Zareian, Mohammad, (2009), The function of fuzzy TOPSIS technique in improving the efficiency of bank branches using DEA, Journal of Industrial Management, Volume 1, Number 3. [In Pershian]
Ghorbani, Rasoul, (2014), An Attitude on New Urban Patterns, Tabriz, Forouzeh Publications. [In Pershian]
Ghorbani, Rasoul, Jaghfari, Firooz, Mohammad Taghi, Maboudi, Hosseinabadi, Saeed, Gharavi, Mohammad, -Javadzadeh Aghdam, 2011, An Attitude to New Urban Planning Patterns, Tehran. [In Pershian]
Ghorbani, Rasoul, Noshad, Somayeh,(2008), Intelligent Growth Strategy in Urban Development, Principles and Strategies, Quarterly Journal of Geographical Research, No. 63. p.17. [In Pershian]
Kazemian, Gholamreza,(1392), An Introduction to the Model of Urban Governance, Urban Planning Research, Nos. 19 and 20. . [In Pershian]
Kazemian, Gholamreza, Saeedi Rezvani, Navid,(2013), Feasibility Study of Assigning New Duties to Municipalities, Volume 3, Publications of the Organization of Municipalities and Rural Affairs, Tehran . [In Pershian]
Kamyar, Gholamreza,(2007), Urban Law and Urban Planning, Majd Scientific and Cultural Association Publications, Tehran. . [In Pershian]
Kamanroudi, Musa(2005), Structural Barriers to Urban Development Management in Iran, Quarterly Journal of Political Economy, Third Year, No. 10, p.7 . [In Pershian]
Latifi, Gholamreza,(2005), Tehran Urban Management Process after the Imposed Jag, Economic Political Information,No.217,pp.17-2 [In Pershian]
Latifi, Gholamreza, 2013, Urban Management, Publications of the Organization of Municipalities and Rural Affairs, Tehran. [In Pershian]
Mantana, Patrick,(1999), The Inclusive Culture of Management Knowledge, translated by Sohrab Khalili Shourini, Yadavareh Kitab Publishing, Tehran.
Tehran Center for Studies and Planning, (2008), Pathology, Feasibility Study and Development of Principles for Designing Patterns of Citizen Participation in the Department of Urban Affairs, Musa Kamanroudi Project Manager, Tehran. [In Pershian]
Tehran Center for Studies and Planning, (2010), Good Urban Governance, Daneshshahr Magazine, No. 11, p. 19. [In Pershian]
Mozini, Manouchehr, (1995), Urban and rural management in Iran, their problems and facilities, National Land and Housing Organization Publications, Tehran. [In Pershian]
Mozini, Manouchehr,(2000), Municipality, Councils and Urban Management in Iran, Urban Management Quarterly, No. 2. . [In Pershian]
Veisi, Akbar, Faisundi, Arman, Faisundi, Hamid, (1390), Electronic City of Realities of Tomorrow's Cities, Year 5, No. 45, p. 32. . [In Pershian]
Veisi, Muslimullah, (2011), Intelligent Growth and Internal Development of Cities, Case Study: Sanandaj, Master Thesis in Geography and Urban Planning, Kharazmi University. [In Pershian]
Anthopoulos, L., Tsoukalas, I.A. (2005): The implementation model of a Digital City. The casestudy of the first Digital City in Greece: e-Trikala. Journal of e Government 2(2)
Asgarpour, M.J., (2008), Multiple-criteria Decision Making, University Tehran of Press,Tehran. . [In Pershian]
Bakıcı, Tuba, Esteve Almirall, and Jonathan Wareham. "A smart city initiative: the case of Barcelona." Journal of the Knowledge Economy 4, no. 2 (2013): 135-148.
Bakıcı, Tuba, Esteve Almirall, and Jonathan Wareham. "A smart city initiative: the case of Barcelona." Journal of the Knowledge Economy 4, no. 2 (2013): 135-148.
Bartlett, L. (2005). Smart city: Social entrepreneurship and community engagement in a rural regional city. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Engaging Communities, 1-218.
Buscher, V., and L. Doody. (2013), "Global innovators: International case studies on smart cities." BIS Research, 1-58..
Caragliu, A., Del Bo, C., & Nijkamp, P. (2009). Smart cities in Europe. In Proceedings of the 3rd Central European Conference in Regional Science, 45-59.
Chrysochoou. M, et al. (2012). A GIS and indexing scheme to screen brownfields for area-wide redevelopment planning, Landscape and Urban Planning 105, 187-198.
Cooke. Phil and Lisa De Propris. (2011). A policy agenda for EU smart growth: the role of creative and cultural industries, Policy Studies, Vol. 32, No.
Cowan, R .2009. The Dictionary of Urbanism, Streetwise Press.
Cowan, R., 2005, The Dictionary of Urbanism, Streetwise Press, 1-468.
Dameri, Renata Paola.) 2017(“Smart City and Digital City Implementation: Two Best Practices in Europe." In Smart City Implementation, Springer, Cham pp. 109-154.
Dijk, Jan van (2004) “the One Dimensional Network Society of Manuel Castells”. Chronicle world.7th Jan, 127-138.
Edvinsson, L. (2009). Aspects on the city as a knowledge tool. Journal of Knowledge Management, 10(5), 6-13.
Feiock, R., Antonio F. Tavares, and Mark Lubell. (2008). Policy Instrument Choices for Growth Management and Land Use Regulation, The Policy Studies Journal 36 (3): 461-80.
Florida, R. (2002). The Rise of the Creative Class: And How it’s transforming work, leisure, community and everyday life. New York: Perseus Book Group, 1-512.
Knaap, G., &Talen, E, (2005), New Urbanism and Smart Growth: A Few Words from the Academy: London: Sage Publication.
Komninos, N., & Sefertzi, E. (2009). Intelligent cities: R& Doffshoring, Web 2.0 product development and globalizationof innovation systems. Paper presented at the Second Knowledge Cities.
Litman, T. (2005). Evaluating Criticism of Smart Growth, Victoria transport policy institute. (www.vtpi.org).
Littman, T (2010). Evaluating Criticism of Growth, Victoria Transportation Policy (www.vtpi.org).
Luis M. Correia, Klaus Wünstel (2011) “smart cities, application and requirements” White Paper 2011-05-20.
Malek, J. A. (2009). Informative global community development index of informative smart city. In Proceedingsof the 8th WSEAS International Conference on Education and Educational Technology (Genova, Italy, Oct 17-19).
Deena Khatkhate. (1971), management in developing countries, Journal of JAG, 8-16.
McCann, B. (2005). Driven to Spend, Surface Transportation Policy Project. Available at: http//www.transact.org/PDFs/DriventoSpend.pdf. pp 2-8.
McGill, R. (1998), Urban Management in Developing Countries, Cities, Vol.5, No.6.
Momeni, M., (2009), New Approach in Operation Research, University Tehran of Press, Tehran. . [In Pershian]
Peiser, Richard. (2001). Decomposing Urban Sprawl ", Town Planning Review. 72(3), 275-298.
Putnam RD. (1993). Bowling Alone@ America's Declining Social Capital, journal of democracy, Vol.6.
Rakodi,C.(2001). Forget planning, put politics first? Priorities for urban
Rezende, Denis Alcides. "Strategic Digital City Projects: Innovative Information and Public Services Offered by Chicago (USA) and Curitiba (Brazil)." In Enhancing Knowledge Discovery and Innovation in the Digital Era, Pp. 204-223, 2018.
Short, John Renard(2004), urban Theory, A critical Assessment New York, Palgrave Macmillan Thomas A.Hutton, globalization and urban restructuring within the Asia-Pacific, New development trajectories and planning responses, Progress in planning, 1-310.
Sim, Loo-Lee and et al(2003),Singapore’s competitiveness as a global city: development strategy,institutions and business environment,20(2),115- 127.
Tolbert, Caroline, Karen Mossberger, and Chris Anderson. (2014), "Measuring change in internet use and broadband adoption: comparing BTOP smart communities and other Chicago neighborhoods.", 1-33.
Van Dijk, M.P(2006) . Managing Cities in Developing Countries ,publish in chinese by renmin university press,212 p.
Walmsley, A. (2006). Greenways: multiplying and diversifying in the 21st century, Landscape and Urban Planning, 76.
Williams, M. (2010) digital cities survey winners announced. Government Technology. Available thttp://www.govtech.com/e-government/2010-Digital-Cities-Survey-Winners-Announced.html, Nov18.
Winters, J. V. (2010). Why are smart cities growing? Who moves and who stays. Journal of Regional Science, 20(10),1-18.
Wong & others. (2006), Strategic Urban Management in China: A Case Study of Guangzhou Development District, Habitat International, 30(3), 645-667.
Yang, F., (2005), If ‘Smart’ is ‘Sustainable’? An Analysis of Smart Growth Policies and Its Successful Practices, A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Community and Regional Planning, Iowa State University Ames.
Yang, F., (2009), If ‘Smart’ is ‘Sustainable’? An Analysis of Smart Growth Policies and Its Successful Practices, A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Community and Regional Planning, Iowa State University Ames.
Yigitcanlar, T., & McCartney, R. (2010). Strategi sing knowledge-based urban development: Knowledge city transformations of Brisbane, Australia. In Proceedings of the14th International Planning History Society (IPHS)Conference, (Istanbul, Turkey, Jul 12-15).
Yovanof, G. S., & Hazapis, G. N. (2009). An architectural framework and enabling wireless technologies for digitalcities & intelligent urban environments. Wireless Personal Communications, 49(3), 445-463. Available thttp://www.springerlink.com/content/g1v63025217mt8x0