بررسی تاثیر روش‌های مختلف خاکورزی بر انتشار گاز Nitrous oxide (N2O) و آمونیاک (NH3) در تناوب پنبه- گندم در منطقه داراب
محورهای موضوعی : مجله علمی- پژوهشی اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهی
ابوالقاسم قیصری
1
(دانشجوی دکتری آگرواکولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران.)
محمدرضا اصغری پور
2
(گروه آگرواکولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران)
سید محسن موسوی نیک
3
(گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران)
سید احمد قنبری
4
(گروه آگرواکولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران)
کلید واژه: بیخاکورزی, اکسید نیتروز, نیترات‌زدایی, مدل DNDC, چرخه نیتروژن,
چکیده مقاله :
برخی از روش‌های خاکورزی بدون افزایش عملکرد باعث هدر رفت منابع و انتشار گازهای گلخانه‌ای می‌شوند. به منظور تعیین اثر روش‌های مختلف خاکورزی بر میزان انتشار اکسید نیتروز و آمونیاک در تناوب پنبه-گندم آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با 3 تیمار در 4 تکرار در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی داراب به‌مدت پنج سال انجام گرفت. تیمارهای تحقیق شامل کشت مستقیم ، کم‌خاک‌ورزی و خاکورزی مرسوم گندم و پنبه (شاهد) بود. در تیمارهای کشت مستقیم و کم خاکورزی پس از برداشت گندم 30 درصد وزنی از بقایای گندم در مزرعه پخش گردید. برآورد انتشار گاز N2O و NH3 از مزرعه پنبه در تناوب با گندم با استفاده از مدل DNDC9.5، در سال‌های چهارم و پنجم کاشت انجام شد. داده‌های سه سال ابتدایی پژوهش جهت اعتبارسنجی مدل استفاده شد. نتایج اعتبارسنجی مدل نشان داد که مدل در شبیه‌سازی محیط خاک و انتشار گازهای N2O و NH3 به خوبی عمل می‌کند. نتایج شبیه‌سازی نشان داد که میزان انتشار N2O در خاکورزی مرسوم با اختلاف معنی‌دار، بیشترین مقدار و در بیخاکورزی کمترین مقدار را داشت. میانگین سالیانه انتشار N2O در پنج سال برای تیمارهای خاکورزی مرسوم، خاکورزی حداقل و بیخاکورزی به‌ترتیب 40/4، 80/2 و 14/2 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار در سال بود. اوج انتشار NH3 از خاک در هر سه تیمار در روز پنجم بعد از هر بار کوددهی اتفاق افتاد. براساس نتایج به‌دست آمده از این بررسی، استفاده از روش بیخاکورزی، مطلوب‌تر از سایر تیمارهای کشت پنبه در کشت دوگانه گندم- پنبه در شرایط مشابه با مطالعه حاضر می‌باشد.
Conventional tillage methods with no yield increase lead to the loss of resources and emission of greenhouse gases into the environment. To determine the effects of different tillage methods on nitrous oxide (N2O) and ammonia (NH3) emissions in cotton-wheat rotation, an experiment was designed as a randomized complete block including three treatments with four replications at Darab Agricultural Research Station during 5 years. The treatments consisted of direct drilling (no tillage), minimum tillage, and conventional tillage (as control). After harvesting wheat in the no and minimum tillage treatments, 30% (weight) of wheat residues was retained on the field. N2O and NH3 emissions from the cotton-wheat field were estimated using the DNDC 9.5 model in the last two years. Data of three initial years of the research were used for model validation. Results of model validation showed that the model worked well in simulating the soil environment and N2O and NH3 emissions. The simulation results revealed that the highest and lowest N2O emission rates was achieved under conventional and no-tillage treatments, respectively. Average annual N2O emissions of 4.40, 2.80, and 2.14 kg N/ha/y were recorded in conventional, minimum, and no-tillage treatments, respectively. According to simulation results, peak emission of NH3 from soil occurred on five days after each fertilization in all three treatments. In general, results showed that no-tillage method was more favorable than other cotton cultural practices in cotton-wheat rotation in conditions similar to the present study.
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