تأثیر سطوح مختلف اکسین، سیتوکینین و جیبرلین بر رشد، ترکیبات فنلی و فعالیت آنزیم های آنتی اکسیدانی گیاه Opuntia cylindrica
محورهای موضوعی : مجله گیاهان زینتی
طاهره السادات آقاجانزاده
1
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سیده زهره میری
2
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آرین ساطعی
3
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مهدی عبادی
4
1 - گروه علوم گیاهی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران
2 - گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم، واحد گرگان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرگان، ایران
3 - گروه زیست‌شناسی، واحد گرگان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرگان، ایران،
4 - گروه شیمی، دانشکده علوم، واحد گرگان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرگان، ایران
کلید واژه: سیستم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانی, رشد, هورمون, اپونتیا سیلیندریکا, پارامترهای فیزیولوژیک,
چکیده مقاله :
کاکتوس‌ها یکی از مهم‌ترین و متنوع‌ترین خانواده گیاهی هستند که در سراسر دنیا برای اهداف مختلفی از جمله خوراکی، دارویی، آرایشی و زینتی کشت میشوند. تحقیق حاضر به‌منظور بررسی رشد و تغییرات فیزیولوژیکی کاکتوس اپونتیا سیلندریکا تحت تیمار هورمون های اکسین، سیتوکینین و جیبرلین در غلظت های 250، 500 و 1000 میلی گرم بر لیتر به‌صورت طرح کاملا تصادفی در سال 1399 در گلخانه دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد گرگان انجام شد. تیمار اکسین نه تنها تغییر معنی داری بر وزن تر و ارتفاع قلمه‌های کاکتوس ایجاد نکرد، تاثیر معنی‌داری بر میزان رنگدانه‌ها، قند و پروتئین محلول، ترکیبات فنولیک به استثنا فلاونوئیدها و فعالیت آنزیم‌های فنیل آلانین آمونیالیاز و سوپراکسیددیسموتاز نیز نداشته است. اما تیمار کاکتوس با سیتوکینین باعث افزایش معنی‌دار وزن تر، میزان پروتئین محلول، ترکیبات فنولیک (فنل کل و فلاونوئیدها) و همچنین فعالیت آنزیم‌های فنیل آلانین آمونیالیاز، سوپر اکسیددیسموتاز و پراکسیداز شد. تیمار جیبرلین باعث کاهش وزن تر به میزان 14 و 23 درصد و کاهش چشمگیر میزان رنگدانه کلروفیلa به میزان 31 و 70 درصد و کلروفیل b به میزان 37 و 68 درصد و فعالیت آنزیم پراکسیداز به میزان 60 و 50 درصد به ترتیب در غلظت های 500 و 1000 میلی گرم بر لیتر شد. درحالیکه میزان ترکیبات فنولیک و فعالیت آنزیم‌های فنیل آلانین آمونیالیاز و سوپر اکسیددیسموتاز افزایش معنی‌داری یافت. به‌نظر می‌رسد که سیتوکینین در غلظت های 500 و 1000 میلی گرم بر لیتر به‌عنوان بهترین غلظت باعث تقویت رشد کاکتوس اپونتیا سیلندریکا با ظرفیت فنلی و آنتی‌اکسیدانی بالا شد. در مقابل کاهش وزن تر و میزان کلروفیل‌ها در قلمه‌های کاکتوس تیمار شده با جیبرلین حکایت از وجود استرس در گیاه داشت که افزایش میزان ترکیبات فنولیک و فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانی مخصوصا در غلظت های 500 و 1000 میلی گرم بر لیتر احتمالا باعث تعدیل استرس شد.
Cacti are among the most important and diverse plant families cultivated worldwide for various purposes, including food, medicine, cosmetic, and ornamental. To investigate the growth and physiological changes of Opuntia cylindrica under the treatment of auxin (IBA), cytokinin (Kin), and gibberellin (GA) hormones in concentrations of 250, 500, and 1000 mg/L, this study was conducted in a completely randomized design in the greenhouse of Islamic Azad University, Gorgan branch in 2020. The IBA treatment not only did not cause a significant change in the fresh weight (FW) and height, but also had no significant effect on the content of pigments, sugar, soluble protein, and phenolic compounds except flavonoids, the activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes. But the treatment of cactus with Kin was caused a significant increase in FW, content of soluble protein, phenolic compounds, and increase the activity of PAL, SOD, and peroxidase (POD) enzymes. GA treatment caused a decrease in FW by 14 and 23%, a significant decrease in the content of pigments Chl. a by 31 and 70% and Chl. b by 37 and 68% and POD enzyme activity by 60 and 50% at 500 and 1000 mg/L, respectively. While the content of phenolic compounds and the activity of PAL and SOD enzymes were significantly enhanced. It seems that Kin at the concentrations of 500 and 1000 mg/L was the best treatment for reinforcement of the growth of O. cylindrica with high phenolic and antioxidant capacity. On the other hand, the decrease in FW and the content of chlorophylls in plant treated with GA, indicated the presence of stress in the plant, and the increase in the content of phenolic compounds and the activity of antioxidant enzymes specially at concentrations of 500 and 1000 mg/L probably moderated the stress.
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