Development of Graft Union Formation and Histological Observations in Cactus Influenced by Benzyladenine, Grafting Method and Rootstock

محورهای موضوعی : مجله گیاهان زینتی

Najme Kamalzade ¹ (Department of Horticulture, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran)
Seied Mehdi Miri ² (Department of Horticulture, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran)
Noushin Ghazijahani ³ (Department of Microbiology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran)

تاریخ دریافت : 1399/06/10 تاریخ پذیرش : 1399/08/19 تاریخ انتشار : 1399/12/11

کلید واژه: Histology, Cytokinin, Callus formation, grafting, Cactus,

چکیده مقاله :

Attractive and colorful cultivars of cactus have been developed that are mainly propagated by grafting. The aim of this study was to determine histological events during graft union formation in Gymnocalycium cactus influenced by BA (Benzyladenine) application, grafting method and rootstock. The basal end of the scions and the top end of the rootstocks were first dipped into BA solution at concentrations of 0, 100 and 500 mg L-1 for 10 s, before being grafted on Lemaireocereus marginatus and Myrtillocactus geometrizans rootstocks using horizontal or wedge techniques. Longitudinal sections of the graft union were taken weekly to observe the developmental process of graft formation. The rootstocks did not have a significant effect on grafting success and scion growth, while horizontally grafted Gymnocalycium showed better grafting success rate. The grafting rate and scion growth were enhanced by application of BA compared with the control. The best results were obtained from treating the graft cut-surfaces of both scions and rootstocks with 100 mg L-1 BA. Histological observations showed that the graft union process involved development of a thin necrotic layer, callus formation at the graft interface, cambium differentiation and initiation of new vascular elements, developing the new vascular tissue, and connection of scion and rootstock vascular bundles. BA stimulated rapid proliferation of callus between the scion and rootstock as well as differentiation of vascular elements. We suggest the horizontal graft and application of BA (100 mg L-1) on the cut surfaces of both scion and rootstock as an easy and reliable method for successful graft union in Gymnocalycium cactus, which may have potential use in the commercial production of other cactus species as well.

چکیده انگلیسی:

ارقام جذاب و رنگارنگی از کاکتوس توسعه پیدا کرده اند که عمدتا از طریق پیوند تکثیر می­شوند. هدف از این مطالعه تعیین فرایند بافت شناسی در طی تشکیل اتصال پیوند در کاکتوس Gymnocalycium تحت تأثیر کاربرد BA (بنزیل آدنین)، روش پیوند و پایه بود. ابتدا بخش انتهایی پیوندک­ها و بالایی پایه­ها در غلظت­های 0، 100 و 500 میلی­گرم در لیتر محلول BA به مدت 10 ثانیه غوطه­ور شدند، سپس پیوندک­ها به روش افقی یا گوه­ای روی پایه­های Lemaireocereus marginatus  و Myrtillocactus geometrizans پیوند زده شدند. برش­های طولی از محل پیوند بطور هفتگی برای مشاهده روند تشکیل پیوند تهیه شد. پایه­ها تاثیر معنی­داری در موفقیت پیوند و رشد پیوندک نداشتند، در حالی که میزان موفقیت پیوند درGymnocalycium  هایی که بطور افقی پیوند شده بودند بهتر بود. میزان گیرایی پیوند و رشد پیوندک با استفاده از BA در مقایسه با شاهد افزایش یافت و بهترین نتیجه با تیمار سطح پیوندک و پایه با 100 میلی گرم در لیتر BA بدست آمد. مشاهدات بافت­شناسی نشان داد که فرآیند اتصال پیوند شامل توسعه یک لایه نکروز نازک، تشکیل کالوس در خط اتصال پیوند، تمایز کامبیوم و آغازش عناصر آوندی جدید، توسعه بافت آوندی جدید و اتصال دسته های آوندی پیوندک و پایه می­باشد. BA باعث تکثیر سریع بافت کالوس بین پیوندک و پایه و همچنین تمایز عناصر آوندی گردید. روش پیوند افقی و استفاده از BA (100 میلی­گرم در لیتر) بر روی سطوح برش خورده پیوندک و پایه به­عنوان یک روش آسان و قابل اعتماد برای اتصال پیوند موفق در کاکتوسGymnocalycium  پیشنهاد می­گردد که ممکن است در تولید تجاری سایر گونه­های کاکتوس نیز استفاده بالقوه داشته باشد.

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