Growth and Physiology of Chrysanthemum morifolium Modified by the Supplementations of Various Fertilizers

محورهای موضوعی : مجله گیاهان زینتی

Zahra Oraghi Ardebili ¹ , Payam Sharifi ²

1 - Department of Biology, Garmsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar, Iran.
2 - Department of Horticulture, Garmsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar, Iran

تاریخ دریافت : 1396/02/20 تاریخ پذیرش : 1396/09/05 تاریخ انتشار : 1396/12/12

کلید واژه: vermicompost, Nutrition, Ornamental, Compatible osmolites, Nanofertilizers,

چکیده مقاله :

To evaluate the effectiveness of various organic or inorganic fertilizers on the growth and physiology of Chrysanthemum morifolium (an important ornamental plant) the current research was conducted in a completely randomized design. Seedlings were treated with vermicompost (0 and 40% w/w of soil), nano-chelated zinc (nano-Zn) (0 and 0.1% (w/v)) or ZnSO4 (0 and 0.2% (w/v). Sprays of nano-Zn or ZnSO4 were done three times with two week intervals. In comparison to control, the applied fertilizers significantly promoted growth rates and biomass accumulations as indicated by the significantly higher amounts leaf area as well as leaf fresh and dry mass in the treated plants by approximately 41%, 39%, and 28%, respectively. The simultaneous applications of nano Zn and vermicompost was the most effective supplementation to improve plant growth rate. The combined applications of mineral and biological applied fertilizers led to significant increases in the contents of photosynthetic pigments about 53%. Except for individual application of ZnSO4, the other applied treatments, especially the combined ones, resulted in significant increases in the contents of leaf proline (mean 51%), compared to control. Similarly, the simultaneous applications of supplements increased the root proline by 82%. The highest amounts of leaf soluble phenols were found in nano Zn-V group (3.3 fold higher than control). However, in root tissues only the considerable increases caused by the vermicompost treatment (approximately 49%). In conclusions, the simultaneous soil supplementations with the biological fertilizers and foliar applications of nano-fertilizers may be regarded as a suitable eco-friendly way to improve plant metabolism and growth rates.

چکیده انگلیسی:

به‌منظور ارزیابی و مقایسه پاسخ گیاه گل داوودی Chrysanthemum morifolium (یک گیاه زینتی مهم)، به کودهای مختلف معدنی، نانو کلاته و یا بیولوژیک، تحقیق حاضر در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی انجام شد. دانه رست‌ها با سطوح مختلف ورمی کمپوست (0 و 40 درصد)، نانو کلات روی (0 و 1/0 درصد) و یا سولفات روی (0 و 2/0 درصد) تیمار شدند. تیمارهای نانو روی و سولفات روی به روش اسپری 3 بار بافاصله 2 هفته انجام شد. در مقایسه با شاهد، کودهای بکار گرفته‌شده، به مقدار معنی‌داری نرخ رشد و تجمع زیست توده را افزایش دادند و مقادیر بالاتری از سطح برگی و وزن‌تر و وزن خشک (به ترتیب 41، 39 و 28 درصد) در نمونه‌های تیمار شده ثبت شد که  در بین تیمارها، تیمار هم‌زمان نانو روی و ورمی کمپوست مؤثرترین تیمار بود. به‌کارگیری ترکیبی کودهای بیولوژیک و معدنی منجر به افزایش رنگیزه های فتوسنتزی (حدود 53 درصد) در گیاهان تیمار شده نسبت به شاهد شد. به‌جز تیمار تنهای سولفات روی، بقیه تیمارها منجر به افزایش معنی‌دار میزان پرولین برگ (به طور متوسط 51 درصد) در مقایسه با نمونه‌های شاهد شد. به طور مشابهی، به‌کارگیری همزمان ورمی کمپوست و نانوروی موجب افرایش محتوای پرولین ریشه حدود 82 درصد شد. بیشترین میزان فنول محلول برگ در گروه Nano Zn-V ثبت شد (3/3 برابر بیشتر از شاهد). بااین‌وجود، تغییرات فراوان در ریشه فقط در اثر ورمی کمپوست رخ داد (تقریبا 49 درصد). درنتیجه، به‌کارگیری هم‌زمان خاکی کودهای بیولوژیک مثل ورمی کمپوست به همراه به‌کارگیری برگی کودهای نانو می‌تواند به‌عنوان یک روش مناسب ازنظر زیست‌محیطی برای تحریک نرخ رشد و متابولیسم گیاه باشد.

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