مروری بر کنترل پدیده سرج و مدل‌سازی در کمپرسورهای گریز از مرکز
محورهای موضوعی : انرژی های تجدیدپذیر
عادل خسروی
1
,
عباس چترایی
2
,
غضنفر شاهقلیان
3
,
سید محمد کارگر
4
1 - دانشکده مهندسی برق- واحد نجف آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نجف آباد، ایران
2 - دانشکده مهندسی برق- واحد نجف آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نجف آباد، ایران
3 - مرکز تحقیقات ریز شبکه های هوشمند- واحد نجف آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نجف آباد، ایران
4 - دانشکده مهندسی برق- واحد نجف آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نجف آباد، ایران
کلید واژه: مدل‌سازی, کمپرسور, فازی, پدیده سرج, کنترل سرج, فیدبک,
چکیده مقاله :
کمپرسورها به دلیل کاربرد گسترده‌ای که در صنایع مختلف برای فشرده‌سازی و انتقال گازها دارند از اهمیت ویژه‌ای برخوردار هستند. با توجه به افزایش روزافزون کاربرد کمپرسورها در صنعت، تعیین یک مدل ریاضی برای کمپرسور جهت طراحی سیستم کنترلی، تجزیه و تحلیل و شبیه سازی کامپیوتری آن بسیار مهم است. همچنین در سال‌های اخیر مدل سازی های هوشمند نظیر شبکه عصبی و فازی به علت عملکرد واقع‌بینانه‌تر این مدل ها مورد توجه محققین قرارگرفته است و از انواع آن برای مدل سازی استفاده شده است. روش های هوشمند دارای قابلیت بالایی برای برقراری ارتباط بین داده های ورودی و خروجی است. پدیده سرج در کمپرسورها یک مورد چالش برانگیز بوده چرا که خیلی سریع اتفاق افتاده و باعث آسیب به کمپرسور و مراحل تولید خواهد شد. این پدیده به صورت یک ناپایداری در جریان کاری کمپرسور تعریف می شود. کنترل پدیده سرج باعث گسترش محدوده عملیاتی کارکرد کمپرسور می گردد و از رخداد این پدیده جلوگیری می کند. در این مقاله مروری بر مدل سازی، پدیده سرج و انواع کنترل فعال و غیرفعال سرج بررسی می گردد. برای مدل سازی مدل مورگریتز و مدل های هوشمند مورد بررسی قرار گرفته اند که با توجه به نتایج به دست آمده می توان بیان کرد که مدل مورگریتز با گذشت زمان خطای بیشتری نسبت به مدل های هوشمند دارد و مدل مناسبی برای کمپرسور نیست. در ادامه کنترل پدیده سرج در کمپرسور به روش های فعال و غیرفعال بررسی می شود که کنترل کمپرسور در روش فعال نیازی به منحنی عملکرد کمپرسور نیست ولی در روش غیرفعال با استفاده از منحنی عملکرد و ایجاد حاشیه امنیت از خط سرج کمپرسور را کنترل نموده تا وارد پدیده سرج نشود. همین امر باعث می شود که عملکرد کنترل فعال نسبت به کنترل غیرفعال بهینه تر و مناسب تر باشد.
Compressors are of particular importance due to their wide application in various industries for compression and gas transmission. Due to the increasing use of compressors in the industry, it is imperative to determine a mathematical model for the compressor to design a control system, analyze it and its simulating in corresponding computer software like MATLAB. In recent years, intelligent modeling such as neural and fuzzy networks due to the more realistic performance of these models has been considered by researchers. Its types have been used for modeling. Intelligent methods have a high ability to stablish a relation between input and output data. On the other hand, in compressors surge phenomenon is a challenging case which occurs very quickly and will cause damage to the compressor and the production process. This phenomenon is defined as an instability in the operation of the compressor. Surge control expands the operating range of the compressor and exhibit the occurrence of this phenomenon. This article reviews modeling, surge phenomenon, and types of active and inactive surge control. For modeling, from the Moore–Greitzer’s model to intelligent models, it has been studied that according to the obtained results, it can be said that the Moore–Greitzer’s model has more errors over time than intelligent models and is a suitable model. Not from the compressor. Next, the control of the surge phenomenon in the compressor is checked by active and passive methods. The compressor's control in the active mode does not require a compressor performance curve. Still, in the passive method, it controls the compressor by using the performance curve and creating a safety margin from the surge line. So as not to enter the surge phenomenon. This makes active control performance more efficient than passive control.
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