تاثیر سیاستگذاری و ساختار بیمه درنظام سلامت بر نظام ارجاع پزشک خانواده شهری ایران
محورهای موضوعی : -مدارک پزشکیفرشاد توکلی 1 , امیر اشکان نصیری پور 2 , لیلا ریاحی 3 , محمود محمودی مجدآباد 4
1 - دانشجوی دکترای مدیریت خدمات بهداشتی و درمانی، دانشگاه آزاداسلامی، واحدعلوم تحقیقات، تهران، ایران
2 - دانشیار،گروه مدیریت خدمات بهداشتی و درمانی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
3 - استادیار، گروه مدیریت خدمات بهداشتی و درمانی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
4 - استاد، گروه آمار، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: سیاستگذاری, نظام ارجاع پزشک خانواده شهری, نظام سلامت, بیمه سلامت,
چکیده مقاله :
مقدمه: اهمیت نظام ارجاع در سیستم سلامت تا آنجاست که گفته شده 80 تا90 درصد بیماران در سطح اول مراقبتهای بهداشتی درمانی قابل تشخیص و درمان هستند، لذا اصلاح سیستم ارجاع میتواند به میزان زیادی بار مراجعات تخصصی و فوق تخصصی بیمارستانها را کاهش دهد. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی تاثیر سیاستگذاری نظام سلامت و ساختار بیمه سلامت بر نظام ارجاع برنامه پزشک خانواده شهری ایران در جهت بهبود و توسعه نظام مراقبت در سطوح اول، دوم و سوم نظام ارجاع بهداشت و درمان کشور انجام شده است. روش پژوهش: مطالعه حاضر یک مطالعه توصیفی - همبستگی بود. با شناسایی نظاممند نظام ارجاع پزشک خانواده در کشورهای مختلف سیاستگذاریها، همچنین قوانین نظام بیمهای کشورهای مختلف استخراج و با استفاده از پرسشنامه محقق ساخته و بر اساس روش آماری تحلیل عامل اکتشافی و تاییدی تاثیر این عوامل بر نظام ارجاع شناسایی شد. جامعه پژوهش شامل 400 نفر از صاحبنظران پزشک خانواده درسطح کشور بود. کفایت دادهها براساس آزمون بارتلت و کیسرمیرالکین ((KMO سنجیده شد. پایایی آزمون براساس آزمون آلفای کرونباخ و پایایی ترکیبی (CR) و همچنین روایی آزمون براساس آزمون میانگین واریانس مشترک AVE)) محاسبه و تایید شد. یافتهها: سیاستگذاری نظام سلامت و ساختار مناسب بیمه بر نظام ارجاع پزشک خانواده شهری موثر است. (به ترتیب با ضریب تاثیر 0/804و0/860) در عامل "سیاستگذاری نظام سلامت" مهمترین متغیر گویه 9 "نظارت بر ارائه خدمات در سطح اول، دوم و سوم ارجاع" با بارعاملی 0/774 و در بعد ساختار بیمه، مهمترین متغیر گویه 12 "اعمال محدودیت برای ارجاع بیماران در مطبها" با بار عاملی 0/793 بود. نتیجهگیری: سیاستگذاری نظام سلامت و ساختار نظام بیمه سلامت در پویایی و موفقیت نظام ارجاع پزشک خانواده شهری تاثیر به سزایی دارند و میتوان با توجه به هر یک از این عوامل گام موثری در بهبود نظام ارجاع و سلامت جامعه برداشت.
Introduction: The importance of the referral system in the health system is very high so that it is stated that 80 to 90% of the first-level health care clients are diagnosable and treatable. Therefore, Referral system in the health system is very important so that it is mentioned that 80 to 90 percent of patients in the first level of health cares are recognizable and treatable. Therefore, modification of referral system can reduce greatly amount of specialist and supersonic referral of hospitals. The purpose of this paper is to investigate on the Effect of Health Policy and structure of health insurance on referral system in the Urban Family Physician Program in Iran in order to improve and develop the first, second, and third level services of the referral system in Iran. Methods: The present study is a descriptive-correlation research. The policy makings conducted, as well as the status of the insurance system of different countries was extracted through systematic identification of the Urban Family Physician's referral system. Then the effects of these factors on the referral system were identified using a researcher-made questionnaire and statistical analysis of factor analysis and T test. Statistical population was included 400 subjects who were expert on family physicians at the national level. The Data Sufficiency was evaluated by the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin’s (KMO) test. Reliability of test was calculated and confirmed according to Cronbach's Alpha and Combined Reliability (CR). Also, the validity of the test was calculated and confirmed according to the average variance extracted (AVE). Results: The effect of proper health insurance structure and transparent financial rules on the referral system of the urban family physician and proper health system’s policy makings were proved through coefficients of 0.860 and 0.804, respectively. In the health policy factor, the most important variable is the question number 9 on supervision of the provision of services at first, second, and third level of referring in which factor loading is 0.774.also, in the insurance structure dimension , the most important variable is the question number 12 on applying restrictions in order to refer patients in the pharmacy clinic having in which factor loading is 0.793. Conclusion: It can be calculated that proper health insurance structure and proper health system’s policy play important roles for success and improving referral system of urban family physician.
1- Nasrollahpour Shirvani SD, Raeisi P, Motlagh ME, Kabir MJ, Ashrafian Amiri H. Evaluation of the performance of referral system in family physician program in Iran University of Medical Sciences: 2009.Hakim Research Journal, 2010; 13: 19-25. [Persian]
2- Golalizadeh E, Moosazadeh M, Amiresmaili M, Ahangar N. Challenges related to second level of the referral system in family medicine plan: A qualitative research. J Med Council Iran 2012; 29(4): 309-321. [Persian]
3- Habibzade s. Family physician and referral system, challenges and hopes. Journal of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, 2011; 7: 85-90. [Persian]
4- Steinmann Peter. Referral rates are a key measure for the functioning of a healthcare system, International HealthTajikistan; December 2012: 268–276.
5- Nasrollahpour Shirvani SD, Ashrafian Amiri H, Motlagh ME, Kabir MJ, Maleki MR, Shabestani Monfared A, Alizadeh R. Evaluation of the function of referral system in family physician program in Northern provinces of Iran: 2008. Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences (JBUMS), 2010; 11(6): 46-52. [Persian]
6- Jannati A, Maleki MR, Gholizade M, Narimani M, Vakeli S. Assessing the Strengths & Weaknesses of Family Physician Program. Knowledge & Health, 2010; 4(4): 38-43. [Persian]
7- Ferdosi M, Vatankhah S, Khalesi N, EbadiFardAzar F, Ayoobian A. Designing a referral system management model for direct treatment in social security organization. Iranian Journal of Military Medicine, 2012; 14(2): 129-135. [Persian]
8- Doshmangir L, Doshmangir P, Abbasi M, Rashidian A. Infrastructures for Implementation of Urban Family Medicine in Iran: a Qualitative Document Analysis. Hakim Health Sys Res, 2015; 18(1): 1- 13.
9- Karimi M. Health care insurance in social security system. Social Security J, 2010; 3(10): 24-33. [Persian]
10- Mehrolhassani, MH, Jafari Sirizi, M, Sadat Poorhoseini, S, Feyzabadi Yazdi V. The Challenges of Implementing Family Physician and Rural Insurance Policies in Kerman Province, Iran: A Qualitative Study. Journal of Health & Development Journal of Health & Development, 2012; 1(3): 17-20. [Persian]
11- Karimi M. Health care insurance in social security system. Social Security J, 2010; 3(10): 24-33. [Persian]
12- Steinmann Peter. Referral rates are a key measure for the functioning of a healthcare system, International Health Tajikistan December; 2012: 268–276.
13- Jamshid Beigi, Ismat; Kabir; Mohammad Javad; Manfard; Niloufar; Absolute, Mohammad Ismail; Moghimi; Dawood; Naeli; Jalal. Performance report of family doctor program and rural insurance, 2006 .Tehran. Arwij Publishing. [Persian]
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1- Nasrollahpour Shirvani SD, Raeisi P, Motlagh ME, Kabir MJ, Ashrafian Amiri H. Evaluation of the performance of referral system in family physician program in Iran University of Medical Sciences: 2009.Hakim Research Journal, 2010; 13: 19-25. [Persian]
2- Golalizadeh E, Moosazadeh M, Amiresmaili M, Ahangar N. Challenges related to second level of the referral system in family medicine plan: A qualitative research. J Med Council Iran 2012; 29(4): 309-321. [Persian]
3- Habibzade s. Family physician and referral system, challenges and hopes. Journal of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, 2011; 7: 85-90. [Persian]
4- Steinmann Peter. Referral rates are a key measure for the functioning of a healthcare system, International HealthTajikistan; December 2012: 268–276.
5- Nasrollahpour Shirvani SD, Ashrafian Amiri H, Motlagh ME, Kabir MJ, Maleki MR, Shabestani Monfared A, Alizadeh R. Evaluation of the function of referral system in family physician program in Northern provinces of Iran: 2008. Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences (JBUMS), 2010; 11(6): 46-52. [Persian]
6- Jannati A, Maleki MR, Gholizade M, Narimani M, Vakeli S. Assessing the Strengths & Weaknesses of Family Physician Program. Knowledge & Health, 2010; 4(4): 38-43. [Persian]
7- Ferdosi M, Vatankhah S, Khalesi N, EbadiFardAzar F, Ayoobian A. Designing a referral system management model for direct treatment in social security organization. Iranian Journal of Military Medicine, 2012; 14(2): 129-135. [Persian]
8- Doshmangir L, Doshmangir P, Abbasi M, Rashidian A. Infrastructures for Implementation of Urban Family Medicine in Iran: a Qualitative Document Analysis. Hakim Health Sys Res, 2015; 18(1): 1- 13.
9- Karimi M. Health care insurance in social security system. Social Security J, 2010; 3(10): 24-33. [Persian]
10- Mehrolhassani, MH, Jafari Sirizi, M, Sadat Poorhoseini, S, Feyzabadi Yazdi V. The Challenges of Implementing Family Physician and Rural Insurance Policies in Kerman Province, Iran: A Qualitative Study. Journal of Health & Development Journal of Health & Development, 2012; 1(3): 17-20. [Persian]
11- Karimi M. Health care insurance in social security system. Social Security J, 2010; 3(10): 24-33. [Persian]
12- Steinmann Peter. Referral rates are a key measure for the functioning of a healthcare system, International Health Tajikistan December; 2012: 268–276.
13- Jamshid Beigi, Ismat; Kabir; Mohammad Javad; Manfard; Niloufar; Absolute, Mohammad Ismail; Moghimi; Dawood; Naeli; Jalal. Performance report of family doctor program and rural insurance, 2006 .Tehran. Arwij Publishing. [Persian]