تحلیل علت ها و پیامدهای فرسودگی شغلی پرستاران بر اساس پژوهش زمینه ای
محورهای موضوعی : -مدیریت اطلاعات بهداشتی و درمانی
1 - گروه روانشناسی بالینی،واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: فرسودگی شغلی, پرستار, بیمارستان, مراکز درمانی, راهبردهای درمانی, پژوهش زمینه‌ای مقدمه,
چکیده مقاله :
مقدمه: یکی از مشاغل مهم درمانی و بهداشتی مهم درگیر پدیده فرسودگی شغلی، پرستاری است. رصد تحولات، نگرش‌ها، علت‌ها، بسترها، مداخلات و پیامدهای این پدیده در این میان پرستاران می‌تواند زمینه‌ساز سیاستگذاری‌های نیروی انسانی مراکز بهداشتی و درمانی برای کنترل آسیب‌های آن باشد.
روش پژوهش : این پژوهش علت‌ها و پیامدهای فرسودگی شغلی و راهبردهای کنترل آن را به شیوه پژوهش زمینه‌ای از منظر پرستاران شاغل شهر تهران بررسی نموده است. نمونه گیری با شیوه نظری، و تعداد افراد مورد مصاحبه(حجم نمونه) بر اساس اشباع نظری، 45 پرستار از کادر درمانی شهر تهران می باشد. پس از انجام مصاحبه نیمه ساختار یافته، دادهها به شيوه نظام‌مند استراوس و کوربين تجزیه و تحلیل شدند.
یافته ها : 144 کد اوليه، 34 مقوله فرعي، 13 مقولة اصلي و يك مقولة هسته‌ای از کدگذاری دادهها استخراج و مدل پارادايمي در قالب شرايط علي، مداخله گر، زمينه اي، راهبردها و پيامدها شکل گرفت. یافته‌های پژوهش بر اساس این مدل حاکی است پدیده فرسودگی شغلی پرستاران که از علت‌های تعارض شغلی و علت‌های شغلی و سازمانی منشاء می‌گیرد در بستر تعاملی و اجتماعی و مداخله فشار نیروی انسانی و فشار اجتماعی به پیامدهای منفی فردی، خانوادگی، اجتماعی و شغلی منتهی می‌شود و کیفیت زندگی شغلی، فردی و خانوادگی آنها را تنزل می‌دهد.
نتیجه‌گیری : در راستای کاهش فرسودگی شغلی پرستاران، بهره گیری از راهبردهای فردی(سازگاری فردی، مشاوره و روانکاوی)، راهبردهای خانوادگی(حمایت خانوادگی) و راهبردهای سازمانی(کاهش تعارض شغلی-خانوادگی، اصلاح ساختار سازمانی، مشارکت پرستاران در سیاستگذاری ها و تکریم و تشویق آنها، اصلاح تعاملات سازمانی، تقویت نیروی انسانی، اصلاح تعاملات اجتماعی بین پرستاران با جامعه) ضرورت دارد.
Introduction: One of the important medical and health professions faced with occupational burnout phenomenon is nursing. Monitoring the developments, attitudes, causes, contexts, interventions, and consequences of this phenomenon among nurses can pave the way for human resource policies in health centers to control its harms.
Method: From the perspective of nurses working in Tehran, the present research investigated the causes and consequences of occupational burnout and its control strategies using contextual research method. Sampling was done using a theoretical method, and the number of interviewees (sample size) was based on theoretical saturation, 45 nurses from the medical staff in Tehran. After conducting a semi-structured interview, the data were analyzed using the Strauss and Corbin systematic method.
Findings: 144 primary codes, 34 subcategories, 13 main categories, and one core category were extracted from the data coding, and a paradigmatic model was formed in the form of causal, intervening, contextual, strategical, and consequential conditions. The findings indicated that the phenomenon of nurses' occupational burnout originates from the causes of occupational conflict and occupational and organizational causes and, in the context of interaction and social intervention, human resource pressure and social pressure, it leads to negative individual, domestic, social, and occupational consequences and degrading the quality of their professional, personal, and family life.
Conclusion: To reduce nurses' occupational burnout, it is necessary to utilize individual strategies (personal adjustment, counseling, and psychoanalysis), family strategies (domestic support), and organizational strategies (reducing work-family conflict, reforming the organizational structure, involving nurses in policymaking and respecting and encouraging them, reforming organizational interactions, strengthening human resources, and reforming social interactions between nurses and the community).
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