کارآیی زنبور تریکوگراما و کائولین درکنترل کرم گلوکاه انار Ectomyelis ceratoniae Zeller (Lep.: Pyralidae) درمنطقه‌ی سیه‌رود
محورهای موضوعی : حشره شناسی گیاهان زراعی
کلید واژه: کائولین, انار, زنبور تریکوگراما, Ectomyelis ceratoniae Zeller,
چکیده مقاله :
کرم گلوگاه انار مهم ترین عامل کاهش کمی و کیفی محصول انار و یکی از موانع مهم در افزایش صادرات انار می‌باشد. این آفت با وارد نمودن خسارت مستقیم و غیرمستقیم به میوه، سبب انهدام محصول انارکاران می گردد. بنابراین، کنترل کرم گلوگاه می‌تواند نقش کلیدی در کاهش پوسیدگی میوه ی انار در باغ و انبار داشته باشد. از این رو به منظور ارزیابی روش های مختلف کنترل، تحقیق حاضر بر اساس طرح بلوک‌‌‌های‌کامل تصادفی با چهار تیمار و سه تکرار، در باغات انار منطقه‌ی سیه رود شهرستان جلفا در مساحتی حدود سه هکتار در طول سال زراعی 1389 به اجرا در آمد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل به کارگیری زنبور تریکوگراما (Trichogramma brassicae Bezdenko)، محلول پاشی کائولین شش درصد، به کارگیری زنبور تریکوگراما با محلول پاشی کائولین شش درصد و بدون به کارگیری هر گونه عملیات کنترلی (شاهد) بود. براساس نتایج به دست آمده، حداقل میزان آلودگی به آفت (66/2%) در تیمار زنبور + کائولن مشاهده شد، که با سایر تیمارها اختلاف معنی داری داشت. همچنین میزان آفتاب سوختگی و ترک خوردگی میوه ها در تیمارهای محلول پاشی شده با پودر کائولین، تقریباً به نصف کاهش یافت. علاوه بر این، کاربرد کائولین، موجب کاهش میزان ریزش گل نیز گردید. بررسی درصد پارازیتیسم تخم آفت در تیمارهای مختلف نشان داد که این درصد در قطعات رهاسازی شده بیشتر از سایر قطعات بود و به 31% رسید. لذا کاربرد فرآورده‌های طبیعی از قبیل کائولین می‌تواند در کاهش عوامل خسارت‌زای زنده (مانند کرم گلوگاه) و غیرزنده (مانند آفتاب سوختگی) درختان انار مؤثر باشد.
Pomegranate fruit moth, Ectomyelis ceratoniaeZeller(Lep.: Pyralidae) is the most important factor in quantitative and qualitative decreasing of pomegranate production. It is also amongst the most important obstacles in pomegranate exportation. The larvae injure pomegranate crops by direct or indirect damage. Its control therefore has a key role in decreasing pomegranate yield both in orchards and storehouses. The current study was aimed to assess different pest control strategies in three hectares of pomegranate orchards of Siah-Rud region in Jolfa (Azarbaijan-e-Sharghi province) in 2010. The study was conducted on the basis of completely randomized block design (RCBD) with four treatments in three replications. The four treatments were: Trichogramma brassicae releasing, 6% Kaolin spraying, T. brassicae releasing plus 6% Kaolin spraying and finally the control. The results revealed that the minimum rate of infestation was 2.66% for Kaolin + wasp treatment that was significantly different from applying each of the wasp or kaolin alone. Besides, the rate of sun- burning and cracking of fruits in Kaolin-included treatments decreased to half as much as the other treatments. Furthermore, Kaolin utilization caused to a decrease in flower aborting rate. Evaluating of the parasitism rate of the host pest eggs demonstrated that parasitism rate reached to 31% in the released plots. As a result, Kaolin application in pomegranate orchards can lessen both biotic and abiotic damages to fruits.
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