بهینه‌سازی ساختمان مجهز به نمای دو پوسته، ماده تغییر فازدهنده، سقف سبز، و فتوولتاییک و بررسی اثرات محیط زیستی و اقتصادی آن
محورهای موضوعی : انرژی های تجدید پذیر
سبحان ایزدپناه
1
,
فریور فاضلپور
2
,
محمد افتخاری یزذی
3
1 - گروه مکانیک، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
2 - گروه مهندسی سیستم انرژی، واحد تهران جنوب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
3 - گروه مکانیک، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
کلید واژه: بهینه سازی مصرف انرژی, سقف سبز, ماده تغییر فازدهنده, نمای دو پوسته, فتوولتاییک.,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: با عنایت به اهمیت و ضرورت کاهش مصرف انرژی در کشور، روش‌های متفاوتی به منظور نیل به این هدف در ساختمان معرفی و مورد بررسی محققان قرار گرفته است، استفاده توامان از پنل‌‌های فتوولتاییک، سقف سبز و مواد تغییر فازدهنده و نمای دو پوسته، منجر به کاهش تقریباً70% مصرف انرژی می‌شود، با توجه به این نکته در این تحقیق هدف بهینه‌سازی حالات استفاده از فناوری‌های بالا با درنظر گرفتن جنبه‌های اقتصادی و محیط زیستی می‌باشد.
روش بررسی: در این تحقیق بهینه‌سازی نوع و نحوه‌ی به‌کارگیری مواد تغییر فازدهنده در دیوار خارجی و بام سبز، با هدف کاهش توامان بار سرمایشی و گرمایشی برای نخستین مرتبه در ساختمان مجهز به فناوری‌های یاد شده انجام پذیرفته، از الگوریتم ژنتیک در سه شرایط آب هوایی گرم و خشک استپی در عرض جغرافیایی میانی،گرم و خشک کویری و آب و هوای معتدل و مرطوب، استفاده شده است. روش انجام این تحقیق، بهینه‌سازی با کمک نرم‌افزار دیزاین بیلدر است که در سال 1402 انجام و نهایی شده است و نتایج از منظر محیط زیستی و اقتصادی بررسی شدند.
یافته‌ها: در نتیجه‌ی این اقدام به ترتیب 9، 9 و 6 پاسخ بهینه برای شهرهای تهران با آب و هوای گرم و خشک استپی ، یزد با آب و هوای کویری و آمل با آب و هوای معتدل و مرطوب حاصل شده که بیشترین میزان صرفه‌جویی انرژی 9/70% برای آب و هوای معتدل مرطوب بوده است.
بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: با در نظر گرفتن آنالیز اقتصادی و اثرات محیط زیستی دو حالت بهینه نسبت به سایر گزینه‌ها ارجحیت داشته که عبارتند از: 1- استفاده از ماده تغییر فازدهنده، RT31 در بین لایه‌های آهک و آجر در دیوار خارجی ساختمان مسکونی واقع در شرایط آب و هوایی گرم و خشک استپی در عرض جغرافیایی میانی 2- استفاده از ماده تغییر فازدهنده، RT26 در بین لایه‌های آهک و آجر در دیوار خارجی ساختمان مسکونی واقع در شرایط آب و هوایی گرم و خشک کویری
Background and Objective: Considering the importance and necessity of energy saving in Iran, different methods have been introduced and examined in order to achieve this goal in the building section. simultaneous use of photovoltaic panels, green roofs, phase-change materials and double-skin facades, can lead to almost 70% Energy saving. considering this fact, it is important to optimize the use of the above technologies, with analyzing their economic and environmental aspects.
Material and Methodology: In this research, the optimization of PCM types and PCM location in external wall and green roof layers, with the objective of cooling and heating load reduction, for the first time in a building equipped with the aforementioned technologies, was carried out using the genetic algorithm. Three climate condition of Iran consist of Hot arid (steppe-dry mid-latitude and Desert biome-dry tropical) and mild-humid climate was selected. The study was conducted using Design Builder software version 6.1.5.2.
Findings: As a result, 9, 9 and 6 optimal solutions were calculated for Tehran with steppe-dry mid-latitude climate, Yazd with Desert biome-dry tropical climates, and Amol with mild-humid climate respectively. The highest amount of energy saving of 70.9% has been achieved for mild-humid climate.
Discussion and Conclusion: Considering the economic analysis and environmental effects, two following solutions are suggested 1- using RT31 PCM between brick and plaster layers of external wall of the building located in steppe-dry mid-latitude climate 2- using, RT26 Between brick and plaster layers of external wall of the building in desert biome-dry tropical climate.
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