تأثیر پلیمر سوپر جاذب بر برخی خواص شیمیایی و فیزیکی خاک و میزان آزادسازی عناصر غذایی از کود دامی در سطوح مختلف رطوبتی

محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت منابع آب

الناز عزیزوند ¹ , الناز صباغ تازه ² , مریم حاجی رسولی ³

1 - دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد گروه علوم خاک، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران.
2 - استادیار گروه علوم خاک، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
3 - استادیار گروه علوم خاک، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران.

تاریخ دریافت : 1395/12/08 تاریخ پذیرش : 1398/07/27 تاریخ انتشار : 1399/10/01

کلید واژه: کم‌آبیاری, فسفر, قابلیت جذب, سوپرجاذب, پتاسیم,

چکیده مقاله :

زمینه و هدف: با توجه به محدودیت منابع آب وکمبود ماده آلی دراکثرمناطق ایران، استفاده هم‌زمان از پلیمرهای سوپرجاذب و کودهای آلی می تواند راه کاری مؤثر درجهت بهبود خصوصیات فیزیکی وشیمیایی، حاصلخیزی خاک و حفظ ذخیره رطوبتی خاک باشد. هدف از این مطالعه تعیین تاثیر پلیمر سوپرجاذب بر برخی خواص شیمیایی و فیزیکی خاک و میزان آزادسازی عناصر غذایی ازکود دامی در سطوح رطوبتی مختلف بوده است. روش بررسی: آزمایشی در سال 1393درقالب طرح فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 18 تیمار و سه تکرار و جمعاً 54 واحد آزمایشی به اجرا درآمد. فاکتورها شامل 1- نوع و مقدار اصلاح‌کننده با شش سطح شامل الف) بدون اصلاح‌کننده (C)، ب) پلیمر سوپرجاذب با سطح 2/0 درصد وزنی (2/0A s)، ج) پلیمر سوپرجاذب با سطح 4/0 درصد(4/0A s) (4/0As)، د) کود دامی با سطح دو درصد وزنی(M)، م) پلیمر سوپر جاذب با سطح 2/0 درصدوزنی به همراه کود دامی با سطح دو درصدوزنی(+M 2/0 As) و هـ) پلیمر سوپرجاذب با سطح 4/0 درصدوزنی به همراه کود دامی با سطح دو درصد وزنی(+M 4/0 As) (+M4/0 A s) و 2- رطوبت با سه سطح شامل 80 درصد (h1) ،70درصد (h2) و 60 درصد (h3) رطوبت ظرفیت مزرعه‌ای بود. یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد که کاربرد پلیمر سوپر جاذب با سطح 2/0 درصدوزنی به همراه کود دامی با سطح دو درصدوزنی بیشترین تأثیر را بر بهبود خواص شیمیایی و فیزیکی خاک ازقبیل افزایش فسفرقابل جذب، پتاسیم قابل جذب و ظرفیت تبادل کاتیونی وکاهش سدیم قابل جذب و نیز افزایش ظرفیت رطوبت مزرعه ای داشته است. در اکثر موارد بین تیمارهای پلیمر سوپرجاذب با سطح 4/0 درصد وزنی به همراه کود دامی با سطح دو درصد وزنی و پلیمر سوپر جاذب با سطح 2/0 درصدوزنی به همراه کود دامی با سطح دو درصدوزنی اختلافی مشاهده نشد. بحث و نتیجه گیری: با توجه به نتایج، می توان کاربرد توام 2/0 درصد وزنی پلیمر سوپر جاذب و 2 درصد وزنی کود دامی را به عنوان تیمارمطلوب در سطوح رطوبتی پایین معرفی کرد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Background and Objective: Considering the limited water resources and organic matter deficiency in Iran, joint application of super absorbent polymer and organic manure can be effective option to improve soil physical and chemical properties, fertility and maintenause of water storage. The purpose of this study was investigation the effect of super absorbent polymer on the amount of releasing of nutrients from manure in low humidity levels. Method: An experiment was conducted in a factorial form based on a completely randomized design with 18 treatments and three replications. The first factor was  amendment type and amount including six levels consists of a) no amendment (C), b) super absorbent polymer in rate of 0.2 % W/W (AS0.2), g) super absorbent polymer in rate of 0.4% W/W (AS0.4), d) manure in rate of 2%W/W (M), m) combination of super absorbent polymer in rate of 0.2% W/Wand manure in rate of 2% W/W (AS0.2+M), h) combination of super absorbent polymer in rate of 0.4%W/W and manure in rate of 2%W/W (AS0.4+M). The second factor was humidity with three levels including 80 % (h1), 70% (h2) and 60% (h3) of field capacity. Findings: Results showed that application of super absorbent polymer in rate of 0.2% W/Wand manure in rate of 2% W/W was more effective in improving chemical  soil properties such as increasing available phosphorus, available potassium, field capacity and cation exchange capacity and decreasing available sodium. In most cases there was not significant difference between super absorbent polymer in rate of 0.2% W/Wand manure in rate of 2% W/W and super absorbent polymer in rate of 0.4% W/Wand manure in rate of 2% W/W. Discussion and Conclusion:  Regarded to results it can be suggested that joint application of super absorbent polymer in rate of 0.2%W/W and manure in rate of 2%W/W was the best treatment in low humidity levels.

منابع و مأخذ:

1. Allahdadi, A., Moazzen Gamsari, B., Akbari, Gh. A. 2006. Investigation the absorbant polymers as an important approach in decreasing drought effects in plants. 9 ^th  IranianAgricultue and Plant Breeding congress. pp. 153-173. (In Persian)


2. Kiattka Mjornwong, S., 2007. Superabsorbent polymer and superabsorbent polymer composites. Journal of Science Asia, Vol. 33 (1), PP.  39 - 43.


3. Montazer, A. A. 2008. Investigation the effect of super absorbant polymer on progressing time and infiltration parameters in soil in duct irrigation. Soil and Water. Vol. 22(2), pp. 341-357. (In Persian)


4. El-Hady, O.A. and Wanas, Sh.A., 2006. Water and fertilizer use efficiency by cucumber grown under stress on sandysoil treated with acrylamide hydrogels. Applied  Science  Research, Vol.  2(12), PP.1293-1297.


5. Mikklelsen, R. L., 1994.Using hydrophilic polymer to control nutrient.Journal of Fertilizer Research, Vol. 38, PP.  53 - 59.


6. Abedi Koopaii, j. 2005. Effect of absorbant polymer on available water in different soils. 2^th Watershed and Management of Water Resources. Kerman university. pp. 1864-1871. (In Persian)


7. Jalili, Kh., Jalili, J., Sohrabi, H. 2008. Investigation the effects of super absorbants on increasing irrigation schedule and Rose seedlings growth. Final report of reaserch project. Kermanshah Jahad Daneshgahi. 80 pp. (In Persian)


8. Khalilpoor, A., Tabatabaii, H., Sharifi, R., Roshan, B., Alikhani, S. D., Fattahi, M. 2005. Effect of super absorbants on increasing water use efficiency in Pine seedlings. 2^th Watershed and Management of Water Resources. Kerman University. pp. 1609-1617.(In Persian)


9. Pirzad, A., FayyazMoghaddam, A., Razban, M., and Raei, Y., 2012. The Evaluation of dried flower and essential oil yield and harvest index of MatricariachamomillaL. Under varying irrigation regimes and amounts of super absorbent polymer (A200), Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Production Science, Vol.  22(3), PP. 85-99.


10. Kadem, S., Gloomi, A., Ahmadian, A., Roostaii, Kh. 2007. Application of superabsorbent polymer and manure on yield and yield components of Zea Maize in dry condition. Congress in Drought, Consequences and Approach. Ialamic Azad University, Birjamd Branch. pp. 63-70.


11. Davarpanah, Gh. R. 2005. Effect of superabsorbent on water availability for trees in dry regions. Water and Wastewater. Vol. 16(53), pp. 62-69. (In Persian)


12. Arabi, Z., Kaboosi, K., Rezvan Talab, N., Tork Lalebagh, J. 2015. Effect of different levels of irrigation and Hydrogel superabsorbent on morphologic properties, yield and essence of Pimpinella anisum. Field Crop Production. Vol. 8(4), pp. 51-66. (In Persian)


13. Jalali, M. and Ranjbar, F., 2009. Effects of sodic water on soil sodicity and nutrient leaching in poultry and sheep manure amended soils. Geoderma, Vol. 1531, PP. 194-204.


14. Elsharawy,  M. A. O.,  Elbording, M. M. and Sedeka,  A. A.,  2008.  Improvement of a salt affected soil on Bahr EL-Bakar Area using certain industrial by products. Journal of Applied Science Research, Vol. 47, PP. 839-846.


15. Hernandez, T., Moral, R., Prez-Espinosa, A., Moreno Caselles, J., Perez,-Muricia, M. D. and Garcia, C., 2002. Nitrogen mineralization potential in calcareous soil amended with sludge. Bioresource Technology, Vol. 83, PP. 213-219.


16. Olsen, S. R. and sommers, L. O., 1982. Phosphorus. PP. 403 - 430. In: Page etal. (Eds.), Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2.Chemical and Microbiological Properties. Agronomy Monograph No. 9. ASA. And SSSA: Madison, WI.


17. Knudsen, D., Paterson, G. A.andPartt, P. F., 1982. Lithium, sodium and potassium. PP. 225 - 246. In: page etal. (Eds.), Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2.ASA, SSSA, Madison, USA.


18. Klute, A. 1986. Water retention: laboratory methods. Pp. 635-662. In: klute, A. (eds), Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 1, Physical and Mineralogical Methods. Agronomy Monograph No. 9. ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI.


19. Bower, CA, Reitemeier, F. and Fireman, M, 1952. Exchangeable-cation analysis of saline and alkali soils. Soil Science, 73: 251-261.


20. Behbahani, M. 2004. Effect of hydrogel superabsorbants and deficit irrigation on nutrients maintenance in hydroponic media. 3 ^th training course on superabsorbants. pp. 13-84. (In Persian)


21. Qadir, M., Qureshi, R. H., Ahmad,  N. 1996. Reclamation of a saline - sodic soil by gypsum and Leptochloafusca. Geoderma, Vol.  74, PP. 207 - 217.


22. Qadir, M., Ghafoor, A. and Murtaza, G., 2001.Use of saline–sodic waters through phytoremediation of calcareous saline–sodic soils.Agrculture Water Management, Vol.  50, PP.197–210.


23. Karimi, A., Naderi, M. 2006. Effect of superabsorbant on fertilizer use efficiency in Corn. AgricultureScience and industry. Vol. 20(6), pp. 217-225. (In Persian)


24. Musick, J. T. and Walker, J. D., 1987. Irrigation Practices for reduced water application - Texas High plains. Applied Engineering Agriculture, Vol.  3, PP.  190 - 195.


25. Rezaii Nejhad, Y., Afyooni, M. 2000. Effect of organic matter on soil chemical properties. Nutrient absorption by Corn and its yield. Water and Soil Sciences. Vol. 4(4), pp. 19-28. (In Persian)


26. Mirzashahi, K. Bazargan, K. 2015. Management of soil organic matter. Technical Journal number 535. Soil and Water Research Institute. (In Persian)


27. Abedi Koopaii, J. Sohrab, F. 2004. Effect of superabsorbant polymers on water holding capacity and water potential of three types of soil texture. Polymer Sciences and Technoligy. Vol. 17(3), pp. 163-173. (In Persian)


28. Mirkhani, R., Shabanpour, M. and Saada, S., 2005.Using particle - size distribution and organic carbon percentage to predict the cation exchange capacity of soils of Lorestan province. Tehran, Iran Journal of soil and Water Science, Vol.  19 (2), PP.  235 - 242.


29. Allahdadi, A. 2002.  Effect of application of hydrogel superabsorbants on decreasing drought effects in plantd. 2 th training course agricutural and industrial application of hydrogel superabsorbants.  Iranian Institute of polymer and Petrochemicals. pp. 33-55. (In Persian)


30. Michigan, J., 2006.Hydrogel polymer effects on available water capacity and percolation of sandy soils at Al - Hassa, Saudi Arabia.Published by the American society of agricultural and biological engineers.


31. Soler– Rovita, J., Usano- Martines, M. C.,  Fuentes - Prieto,  I., Arroyo – Sanz, J. M.  AndOnzakz – Torres, F. G., 2006. Retention and availability of water of different soils amended with superabsorbent Hydrogel. Department of agronomy, Escuela Universitaria de IngenienaTechnicagricolauniver sided- plitecnica de Madrid, Spain.