مسیریابی و منشایابی حرکت آلاینده های جوی در شرایط وقوع آلودگی های حدی در کلان شهر تهران

محورهای موضوعی : آلودگی هوا

مطهره زرگری ¹ (کارشناسی ارشد، اقلیم شناسی، گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران)
عباس مفیدی ² (استادیار اقلیم شناسی، گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران * ( مسوول مکاتبات))
آذر زرین ³ (استادیار اقلیم شناسی، گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایرانن)

تاریخ دریافت : 1395/10/27 تاریخ پذیرش : 1396/02/10 تاریخ انتشار : 1398/12/01

کلید واژه: HYSPLIT, آلودگی حدی, MODIS, کلان شهر تهران, GIS,

چکیده مقاله :

زمینه و هدف :آلودگی هوا یکی از معضلات اساسی کلان شهرها است که به یکی از مسایل مهم تبدیل گردیده است. مسیریابی و منشایابی حرکت آلاینده های جوی در شرایط وقوع آلودگی های حدی در کلان شهر تهران هدف تحقیق حاضر می باشد. روش بررسی :در این تحقیق، از داده های ایستگاهی آلودگی هوا، داده های تصویر ماهواره ای Terra و از داده هایFNL ، بهره گرفته شده است. روزهای بسیار آلوده برای آلاینده های PM10 و O3با بهره گیری از شاخص PSI محاسبه گردید. در کنار مسیریابی آلاینده ها توسط تصاویر ماهواره ای به صورت چشمی از مدل HYSPLIT، برای منشأیابی آلاینده ها در سه تراز ارتفاعی10، 1500 و 5000 متری از سطح زمین بهره گرفته شد. خروجی های حاصل از تصاویر ماهواره ای و مدل، برای درک عمیق تر در محیط GIS ترسیم شدند. یافته ها: به طور کلی، در الگوی پشته برون حاره، سنجنده MODIS، گرد و غباری که از کشور سوریه، شمال شرقی تا جنوب شرقی کشور عربستان، مرکز، شمال و جنوب عراق و بخش هایی از ترکیه می باشد را نشان می دهد. منشا گرد و غبار در مدل HYSPLIT، در ترازهای 10 و 1500 متری از جانب شمال شرق و نواحی غربی می باشد. در الگوی ترکیبی، گرد و غبار بسیار شدیدی توسط سنجنده مودیس بر روی کشورهای عربستان، عراق، سوریه و اردن و بخش هایی از ترکیه قابل مشاهده می باشد. جریانات غباری در مدل HYSPLIT، در تراز 10 متری از شمال شرق و شمال غربی و در تراز 1500 متری، ناشی از شرایط محلی و در تراز 5000 متری این تغییرات محسوس تر است. بحث و نتیجه گیری:به طور کلی، برررسی مسیر یابی و منشأیابی حرکت آلاینده های جوی PM10و O3در کلان شهر تهران در قالب دو الگوی هم دیدی اصلی شامل الگوی پشته برون حاره و الگوی ترکیبی ارایه و طبقه بندی گردید.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Background and Objective: Air pollution is one of the significant problems that have become one of the main issues. In this study, we focus on detecting the route and source of atmospheric pollutant movement in high-level air pollution periods in Tehran. Method: Air pollution data, Terra MODIS satellite image data, and FNL data were used. The PSI calculated high-level air pollution periods for PM10 and O3. Moreover, the origin of pollutants was detected by the HYSPLIT model and satellite images. HYSPLIT model determined the origin of widespread pollution. It could detect them with the backward method in three levels, which included 10, 1500, and 5000 meters. Some maps were produced for satellite images and HYSPLIT models drawn in GIS. Findings: In the extratropical pattern, the dust from Syria, northeast to south-east Saudi Arabia, central, northern and southern Iraq and parts of Turkey have affected Tehran. According to HYSPLIT model outputs, at a lower level of the atmosphere and the middle level of the atmosphere, not only the local situation but also the regional situation had a considerable role. At the upper level of the atmosphere, environmental pollution could become into Tehran by streams. In the compound pattern, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Syria, Jordan, and some parts of Turkey had an important function. In the HYSPLIT model, the North-East and North-West of Iran have attempted to influence Tehran in the lower level of the atmosphere. In the middle level of the atmosphere, the local situation is more remarkable. At the upper level of the atmosphere, the origin of dust was western to eastern parts of Iraq and the northeast part of Iraq. Further, the dust on the north-eastern of Syria, Jordan, and parts of Turkey is more notable. Conclusion: These maps were categorized into two main synoptic patterns, including extratropical and intricate patterns.

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