بررسی دمای شبانه سطح زمین و شناسایی الگوی جزایر حرارتی شبانه شهر تهران با استفاده از تحلیل نقاط داغ (Hot Spot Analysis)
محورهای موضوعی : محیط زیست شهری
1 - استادیار مرکز آموزش عالی فنی و مهندسی بوئین زهرا، گروه معماری و شهرسازی، بوئین زهرا، قزوین، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
2 - مدرس مرکز آموزش عالی فنی و مهندسی بوئین زهرا، گروه معماری و شهرسازی، بوئین زهرا، قزوین، ایران
کلید واژه: جزایر حرارتی شبانه, تهران, مودیس, تحلیل نقاط داغ.,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: گرم شدن محیط های شهری و ایجاد جزایر حرارتی اثرات متفاوتی بر شهرها دارد که از آن جمله می توان به افزایش مصرف انرژی، افزایش انتشار آلاینده ها و گازهای گلخانه ای، خطر افتادن سلامت انسان و افزایش دمای آب های سطحی اشاره کرد. در شهر تهران در طی دهه های اخیر افزایش فضاهای انسان ساخت در شهر منجر به کاهش فضاهای باز و طبیعی در شهر شده است و به نظر می رسد دمای سطح شهر تهران در سالهای گذشته در برخی از قسمت ها افزایش یافته که این افزایش منجر به ایجاد جزایر حرارتی گردیده است. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی تغییرات دما در شهر تهران و بررسی الگوی شبانه جزایر حرارتی سطحی است.
روش بررسی: در این تحقیق برای بدست آوردن الگوی جزایر حرارتی شبانه شهر تهران از داده های سنجنده مو دیس (ماهواره terra) با نام MOD11A2 و روش تحلیل نقاط داغ (Hot Spot Analysis) استفاده گردیده است.
یافته ها: بررسی فضایی تغییرات دمای سطح شبانه نشان می دهد که اختلاف دمای پهنه شهر با فضاهای خارج از شهر بین 64/2 تا 64/13 درجه سانتی گراد است. بر اساس نقشه نهایی تحلیل نقاط داغ ، جزایر حرارتی سطحی تمامی مناطق مرکزی، جنوبی و جنوب شرقی تهران را شامل می شود.
بحث و نتیجه گیری: نتایج بدست آمده در این تحقیق در هماهنگی کامل با نتایج مطالعات مشابه در خصوص الگوی شبانه جزایر حرارتی سطحی شهر تهران می باشد. از عمده ترین دلایل شکل گیری جزایر حرارتی در این مناطق می توان به تراکم بالای جمعیتی، ریزدانه بودن بودن بافت و عدم وجود فضاهای باز و سبز کافی در این مناطق اشاره کرد.
Background and Objective: Urban warming and creation of heat islands have different effects on cities, such as increasing energy consumption, increasing emissions of pollutants and greenhouse gases, human health risk and increasing surface water temperature. In Tehran city during recent decades, the increase in man-made spaces has led to a decrease in open and natural spaces, and it seems that the surface temperature of Tehran has increased in some parts in recent years, which has led to the creation of heat islands. The aim of this study was to investigate the surface temperature changes in Tehran and the night pattern of surface heat islands.
Material and Methodology: In this study, in order to obtain the pattern of nighttime heat islands in Tehran, Modis (Terra satellite) data called MOD11A2 and Hot Spot Analysis method were used.
Finding: Spatial analysis of night surface temperature changes shows that the difference between the temperature of the city area and the Suburbs is between 2.64 and 13.64 °C. Based on the final map of hot spots analysis, surface heat islands cover all central, south and southeast regions of Tehran.
Discussion and Conclusion: The results of this study are in complete harmony with the results of similar studies on the night pattern of surface heat islands in Tehran. The main reasons for the formation of heat islands in these areas are high population density, fineness of texture and lack of sufficient open and green spaces in these areas.
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