بررسی رابطه رشد اقتصادی، مصرف انرژی و انتشار گازهای گلخانه ای (مطالعه موردی: کشورهای منتخب سازمان همکاری اسلامی)
محورهای موضوعی :
اقتصاد محیط زیست
محمدرضا ناهیدی امیرخیز
1
,
فرزاد رحیم زاده
2
,
سیامک شکوهی فرد
3
1 - استادیار و عضو هیات علمی، گروه اقتصاد، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران.* (مسوول مکاتبات)
2 - استادیار، گروه اقتصاد، حسابداری و مدیریت گردشگری، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، رشت، ایران.
3 - دکتری اقتصاد، باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان و نخبگان، واحد اردبیل، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اردبیل، ایران.
تاریخ دریافت : 1395/11/29
تاریخ پذیرش : 1396/03/03
تاریخ انتشار : 1399/03/01
کلید واژه:
انتشار گاز CO2,
پانل دیتا,
مصرف انرژی,
رشد اقتصادی,
فرضیه u معکوس کوزنتس,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: حامل های انرژی جزو مهم‌ترین عوامل تولید بوده و دسترسی به منابع انرژی می تواند فرایند رشد و توسعه اقتصادی کشورها را هموار کند. تمایل کشورها برای دست‌یابی به رشد اقتصادی بالاتر نیز با مصرف بیش‌تر حامل های انرژی همراه بوده و باعث انتشار انواع گازهای گلخانه ای شده است. این امر باعث به وجود آمدن مشکلات زیست محیطی شده و حیات بشر را تهدید می کند. از این رو مطالعه رابطه بین رشد اقتصادی، مصرف انرژی و انتشار گازهای گلخانه ای اهمیت ویژه ای داشته است.
روش بررسی: بر این اساس این مطالعه قصد دارد با استفاده از داده های 16 کشور منتخب سازمان همکاری اسلامی کنش متقابل بین رشد اقتصادی، مصرف انرژی و انتشار گاز CO2 را تحلیل کند.
نتایج و یافته‌ها: نتایج حاصل از برآورد مدل با تکنیک پانل دیتا نشان داد که در سطح معناداری 5 درصد، وجود فرضیه u معکوس کوزنتس در کشورهای مورد مطالعه صادق می باشد. زیرا ضریب مربوط به متغیر رشد تولید ناخالص داخلی و مجذور آن به ترتیب علامت مثبت و منفی می باشد. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که مصرف انرژی در بازه زمانی 1995-2015 بر انتشار گاز CO2 تاثیر مثبت و به لحاظ آماری معنادار داشته است.
بحث و نتیجه گیری: با توجه به وجود رابطه علیت یک طرفه بین رشد تولید ناخالص داخلی و انتشار گاز CO2، یعنی رشد اقتصادی در کشورهای مورد مطالعه افزایش انتشار گاز CO2 را به‌همراه داشته است و همچنین رابطه u معکوس رشد اقتصادی و میزان انتشار گاز CO2، به این ترتیب که در کشورهای مورد مطالعه ابتدا با افزایش نرخ رشد، مقدار انتشار گاز دی اکسید کربن نیز افزایش می یابد. بعد از یک نرخ رشد معین و با عبور از آن، با رشد اقتصادی بالاتر انتشار گاز CO2 نیز در این کشورها کاهش یافته است، پیشنهاد می‌گردد با توجه به اهمیت بالای محیط‌زیست، در کشورهای مورد مطالعه نهادها و سازمان‌های مرتبط با محیط زیست اقدام به وضع قوانین و مقررات زیست‌محیطی مناسب کرده و تکنولوژی‌ها به سمت تکنولوژی‌های دوست‌دار محیط زیست پیشرفت کرده و تأمین مالی هزینه‌های مرتبط با تغییر فن‌آوری به سمت فن‌آوری دوست‌دار محیط‌زیست و نیز پرداخت عوارض و مالیات لازم به منظور بهبود محیط‌زیست امکان‌پذیر شود.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Background and Objective: Energy carriers are one of the most important factors in production and accessing to energy resources can smooth countries economic growth and development process. Also, countries inclination in order to achieving higher economic growth has accompanied with higher using of energy carriers and has led to emission of Greenhouse gas. This leads to create environmental problems threatening human life. Therefore, studying the relation among economic growth, energy using and Greenhouse gas emissions is of particular importance.
Method: Accordingly, the aim of this study is to analysis the interaction among economic growth, energy using and CO2 gas using data from 16 selected countries of the OIC.
Findings: The results from estimated model with data panel technique showed that in significant level of 5%, existence the Kuznets inverted U hypothesis is valid in the under-studied countries. Since, the coefficient related to GDP growth variable and its square has positive and negative sign, respectively. Furthermore, the results showed that energy using has statistically positive impact on CO2 gas emission in time period 1995-2015.
Discussion and Conclusion: Given the existence of a one-way causality relationship between GDP growth and CO2 emissions, the economic growth in the studied countries has led to an increase in CO2 emissions and as well as the U reverse relation of economic growth and CO2 emissions, so that in the studied countries, by increasing the growth rate, the amount of carbon dioxide emissions will increase as well. After a certain growth rate and passing through it, with higher economic growth CO2 emissions have also declined in these countries, It is recommended that, in view of the high importance of the environment, the environmental authorities and environmental organizations have adopted appropriate environmental laws and regulations, and technologies have progressed towards eco-friendly technologies and cost financing related to changing technology to environmentally friendly technology, as well as paying taxes which taxes to improve the environment.
منابع و مأخذ:
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Shahnazi, R., Hadian, I., and Gergani, L., 2016. Investigating the Causality relation between Consumption of Energy Carriers, Economic Growth and Carbon dioxide in Iranian Economy. Quarterly Journal of Economic Growth and Development Studies, Vol. 7. pp. 51- 70. (In Persian)
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Shahbaz, M., Tiwari, A. K., and Nasir, M., 2013. The Effects of Financial Development, Economic Growth, Coal Consumption and Trade Openness on CO2 emissions in South Africa. Energy Policy,Vol. 61, pp. 1452–1459.
Lotfali Pour, M .R., Fallahi, M. A., and Ashena, M., 2011. Investigating the relationship between Carbon dioxide Emissions and Economic Growth, Energy and Trade in Iran. Journal of Economic Research, Vol. 94, pp. 151-173. (In Persian)
Barghi oskoee, M., 2008. The Effects of Trade Liberalization on Greenhouse Gas Emissions (CO2) in the Kuznets Environmental Curve. Journal of Economic Research, Vol. 82, pp. 1- 21. (In Persian)
Grossman, G.M., and Krueger, A. B., 1991. Environmental Impacts of a North American Free Trade Agreement. NBER Working Paper Series, No. 3914.
Shafik, N., and Bandyopadhyay, S., 1992. Economic Growth and Environmental Quality: Time Series and Cross-Country Evidence. The World Bank, Working Paper Series WP. 904.
Behboudi, D., Fallahi, F., and Baraki Golzzani, I., 2010. Socioeconomic factors affecting per capita Carbon dioxide in Iran. Economic Research Journal, Vol. 90, pp. 1- 17. (In Persian)
Beckerman, W., 1992. Economic growth and the Environment: Whose growth? whose Environment?. World Development, Vol. 20, pp. 481-496.
Halicioglu, F., 2009. An econometric study of CO2 emissions, Energy consumption ,Income and Foreign trade in Turkey. Energy Policy, Vol.37, pp. 1156-1164.
Soytas, U., and Sari, R., 2009. Energy Consumption, Economic Growth and Carbon Emissions: Challenges faced by a EU Candidate Member. Ecological Economics, Vol.68, pp. 1667-1675.
Narayan, C. R., Werker, J. F., and Beddor, P. S., 2009. The interaction between acoustic salience and language experience in developmental speech perception: evidence from nasal place discrimination. Journal Public Economics, Vol. 13, pp. 407–420.
Menyah, K., and Wolde-Rufael, Y., 2010. CO2 Emissions, Nuclear Energy, Renewable Energy and Economic Growth in the US. Energy Policy, Vol. 38, pp. 2911–2915.
Apergis, N., and Payne, E., 2010. Energy Consumption and Growth in South America: Evidence from a Panel Errorcorrection model. Energy Economics, Vol. 32, pp. 421–1426 .
Kumar, R, 2011. Evaluation of Two Instrumental Methods of Comparing Writing Paper. ,Journa l of Forensic Sciences, Vol. 56, pp. 514–517.
Harry, B., and Salim, M R, 2012. Foreign Direct Investment Spillovers and Productivity Growth in Indonesian Garment and Electronics Manufacturing. Journal of Development Studies, Taylor and Francis Journals, Vol.48, pp.1397-1411.
Alkhathlan, KH., 2012 . Contribution of oil in economic growth of Saudi Arabia. Journal Applied Economics Letters, Vol. 20, pp.343-348.
Arouri, M.H., Ben Youssef, A., M'Henni, H., and Rault, C., 2012. Energy Consumption, Economic Growth and Co2 Emissions in Middle East and North African Countries. CESIFO Group Munich, Working Paper Series, 3726.
Kulionis, V., 2013. The relationship between renewable energy consumption, CO2 Emission and Economic Growth in Denmark", University essay Fromlunds Universitet/ Economisk-Historiska institutionen.
Min Lim, L., and Ye, K., and Khoon Yoo, S., 2014. Oil consumption CO2 emission, and economic growth: Evidence from the Philipines. Sustainability, Vol. 6, pp. 967-979.
Saleh, I., Shabani, Z., Sadat Barikani, H., and Yazdani, S., 2009. Investigating the causality relation between GDP and greenhouse gas emissions in Iran"; Case study: Carbon Dioxide. Agricultural Economics and Developmen, Vol. 66, pp. 19- 41. (In Persian)
Sharsei, Gh., and Haqqani, M., 2009. A Study of the Relation Between Carbon Emission and Internal Income with Emphasis on the Role of Energy Consumption. Economic Research, Vol. 68, pp. 1- 20. (In Persian).
Saboori,B., and Soymani,A., 2011. CO2 Emission, Economic Growth and Energy Consumption in Iran .International Journal of EnvironmentalSciences , Vol 2, pp. 2011- 2035.
Phatras, M.H., Ferdowsi, M., and Mehrpima, H., 2011. The study of the effect of energy intensity and urbanization on the destruction of the environment in Iran (collective-based analysis). Ecology, Vol. 60, pp. 13- 22. (In Persian)
Pahlavani, M., Asna Ashari, H., and Sardar Shahraki, A., 2014 . A Study on the Long-Term Relationship of Coal Utilization on Carbon Dioxide Expression in Iran Using ARDL Technique. Iranian Journal of Energy Economics, Vol. 7, pp. 1- 15. (In Persian)
Aleemran, R., Panahi, H., and Kabiri, Z., 2014. Investigating and determining the causal relationship between economic growth, CO2 emissions, energy consumption and employment rate in Iran. Geography and Planning, Vol. 17, pp. 1- 26. (In Persian)
Shahnazi, R., Hadian, I., and Gergani, L., 2016. Investigating the Causality relation between Consumption of Energy Carriers, Economic Growth and Carbon dioxide in Iranian Economy. Quarterly Journal of Economic Growth and Development Studies, Vol. 7. pp. 51- 70. (In Persian)
WDI., 2010. World Development Indicators. World Bank: data.worldbank.org
