ارزیابی ریسک اکولوژیک آلاینده های سرب و کادمیوم در گرد وغبار حیاط مدارس مناطق منتخب شهر تهران
محورهای موضوعی : آلودگی های محیط زیست (آب، خاک و هوا)زینب مولایی 1 , عباس اسماعیلی ساری 2
1 - دانش آموخته گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات.
2 - استاد گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
کلید واژه: گرد و غبار, سرب, شهر تهران, مدارس, کادمیوم,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف:پدیده آلودگی هوا در مناطق شهری و صنعتی از مهمترین مشکلات زیست محیطی است که سلامت انسانها را تهدید مینماید. در میان این آلایندهها، فلزات سنگین موجود در گرد و غبار هوا قادرند مستقیماً از طریق بلع و تنفس وارد بدن انسان شوند و یا از طریق ریزشهای جوی به سطح زمین برسند و پس از آلودگی منابع آب و خاک و ورود به ساختار گیاهان از طریق آب و غذا وارد بدن شوند. این پژوهش با هدف تعیین میزان غلظت آلایندههای سرب و کادمیوم در گرد و غبار حیاط مدارس مناطق منتخب شهر تهران صورت گرفت. روش بررسی: در مجموع 24 نمونه گرد و غبار ریزشی از حیاط 8 مدرسه منتخب واقع در مناطق22،21،12،11،9،5،1 با توجه به پراکندگی این مناطق در سطح شهر تهران در آبان ماه سال1395 جمعآوری گردید. سپس مقادیر فلزات سنگین سرب و کادمیوم توسط دستگاه جذب اتمی شعله اندازهگیری شد. یافتهها: نتایج نشان داد بین میزان غلظت فلزات در ایستگاههای مختلف اختلاف معنی داری وجود دارد. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که تمامی ایستگاههای مورد بررسی از لحاظ شاخص میزان خطر اکولوژیک برای موجودات زنده در سطح خیلی بالا هستند. بحث و نتیجهگیری: بهطور کلی نتایج نشان می دهد در مناطقی با بار ترافیکی بالا و تردد زیاد خودرو در شهر تهران، میزان آلایندگی و خطر اکولوژیک بالاتری نسبت به سایر مناطق وجود دارد.
Background and Objective: The phenomenon of air pollution in urban and industrial areas is one of the most important environmental problems that threaten human health. Among these pollutants, heavy metals contained in air dust can enter the human body directly through ingestion and breathing, or through ground falls to the surface of the earth, and after contamination of water resources and entering the structure of plants through Water and food enter the body. This study aimed to determine the concentration of lead and cadmium contaminants in the dust of the yard of selected schools in Tehran. Method: A total of 24 dust loss samples were collected from the courtyard of eight selected schools, due to the dispersion of these areas in Tehran during the fall. Then, the values of heavy metals of lead and cadmium were measured by a flame atomic absorption. Findings: The results showed that there is a significant difference between the concentrations of metals in different stations; also, the results showed that all stations studied were very high in terms of ecological risk index for living organisms. Discossion and Conclusion: In general, the results show that in areas with high traffic load and high traffic in Tehran, the highest pollution and high ecological risk were not available in other regions.
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- Galal, T. M., & Shehata, H. S. (2015). Bioaccumulation and translocation of heavy metals by Plantago major L. grown in contaminated soils under the effect of traffic pollution. Ecological Indicators, 48, 244-251.
- Monferran, M. V., Garnero, P. L., Wunderlin, D. A., & de los Angeles Bistoni, M. (2016). Potential human health risks from metals and As via Odontesthes bonariensis consumption and ecological risk assessments in a eutrophic lake. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 129, 302-310.
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- Qing, X., Yutong, Z., & Shenggao, L. (2015). Assessment of heavy metal pollution and human health risk in urban soils of steel industrial city (Anshan), Liaoning, Northeast China. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 120, 377-385.
- Soltani, N., Keshavarzi, B., Moore, F., Tavakol, T., Lahijanzadeh, A. R., Jaafarzadeh, N., & Kermani, M. (2015). Ecological and human health hazards of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in road dust of Isfahan metropolis, Iran. Science of the Total Environment, 505, 712-723. (In Persian)
- Esmailzadeh, M., Azaimzadeh, H., Mohhamadeslami, M.(2014). Investigation of Lead Concentration in dust in Yazd. (National Conference on Wind Erosion and Dust Storms, Yazd). (In Persian)
- Jaferi, F., Khademi, H. (2014). Distribution of time and place of heavy metals in dust of Kerman city. Journal of Environmental Studies. 40:361-373. (In Persian)
- Kabadayi, F. Cesur, H.( 2010). Determination of Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Co, Cd, and Mn in road dusts of Samsun City. Environmental Monitoring Assessment.168:241–253.
- Salmanzadeh, M., Saeedi, M., Nabibidhendi, G. (2013). Contamination of Heavy Metals in street dust in Tehran and assess their ecological risk. Journal of Environmental Studies. 37:9-18. (In Persian)
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- Stihi, C., Popescu, I. V., Frontasyeva, M., Radulescu, C., Ene, A., Culicov, O., ... & Gheboianu, A. I. (2017). Characterization of Heavy Metal Air Pollution in Romania Using Moss Biomonitoring,Neutron Activation Analysis, and Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Analytical Letters, 50(17), 2851-2858.
- Chen, P., Bi, X., Zhang, J., Wu, J., & Feng, Y. (2015). Assessment of heavy metal pollution characteristics and human health risk of exposure to ambient PM2. 5 in Tianjin, China. Particuology, 20, 104-109.
- Manasreh,W.A. (2010). Assessment of trace metals in street dust of mutah city, Kurak, Jordan. Carpatian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences. 5: 5-12.
- Pascal, M., Corso, M., Chanel, O., Declercq, C., Badaloni, C., Cesaroni, G., & Medina, S. (2013). Assessing the public health impacts of urban air pollution in 25 European cities: results of the Aphekom project. Science of the Total Environment, 449, 390-400.
- Cervantes-Ramírez, L. T., Ramírez-López, M., Mussali-Galante, P., Ortiz-Hernández, M. L., Sánchez-Salinas, E., & Tovar-Sánchez, E. (2018). Heavy metal biomagnification and genotoxic damage in two trophic levels exposed to mine tailings: a network theory approach. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 91(1), 6.
- Galal, T. M., & Shehata, H. S. (2015). Bioaccumulation and translocation of heavy metals by Plantago major L. grown in contaminated soils under the effect of traffic pollution. Ecological Indicators, 48, 244-251.
- Monferran, M. V., Garnero, P. L., Wunderlin, D. A., & de los Angeles Bistoni, M. (2016). Potential human health risks from metals and As via Odontesthes bonariensis consumption and ecological risk assessments in a eutrophic lake. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 129, 302-310.
- Sayadi, M. H., Shabani, M., & Ahmadpour, N. (2015). Pollution index and ecological risk of heavy metals in the surface soils of Amir-Abad Area in Birjand City, Iran. Health Scope, 4(1).( In Persian)
- Qing, X., Yutong, Z., & Shenggao, L. (2015). Assessment of heavy metal pollution and human health risk in urban soils of steel industrial city (Anshan), Liaoning, Northeast China. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 120, 377-385.
- Soltani, N., Keshavarzi, B., Moore, F., Tavakol, T., Lahijanzadeh, A. R., Jaafarzadeh, N., & Kermani, M. (2015). Ecological and human health hazards of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in road dust of Isfahan metropolis, Iran. Science of the Total Environment, 505, 712-723. (In Persian)
- Esmailzadeh, M., Azaimzadeh, H., Mohhamadeslami, M.(2014). Investigation of Lead Concentration in dust in Yazd. (National Conference on Wind Erosion and Dust Storms, Yazd). (In Persian)
- Jaferi, F., Khademi, H. (2014). Distribution of time and place of heavy metals in dust of Kerman city. Journal of Environmental Studies. 40:361-373. (In Persian)
- Kabadayi, F. Cesur, H.( 2010). Determination of Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Co, Cd, and Mn in road dusts of Samsun City. Environmental Monitoring Assessment.168:241–253.
- Salmanzadeh, M., Saeedi, M., Nabibidhendi, G. (2013). Contamination of Heavy Metals in street dust in Tehran and assess their ecological risk. Journal of Environmental Studies. 37:9-18. (In Persian)