ارزیابی چرخه حیات و اثرات زیست محیطی تولید کلزا (Brassica napus L) در استان البرز

محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی

شهرام خسروی بمی ¹ , محمدرضا اردکانی ² , عبدالمجید مهدوی دامغانی ³ , امیرحسین شیرانی راد ⁴ , پریسا نجات خواه معنوی ⁵

1 - گروه زراعت، واحد تهران شمال، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
2 - گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران
3 - گروه کشاورزی اکولوژیک، پژوهشکده علوم محیطی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
4 - موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات و آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران
5 - گروه زراعت، واحد تهران شمال، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1399/07/21 تاریخ پذیرش : 1399/08/10 تاریخ انتشار : 1401/02/01

کلید واژه: گرمایش جهانی, شاخص زیست محیطی, اکسیداسیون فتوشیمیایی, مسمومیت انسانی, مسمومیت خاک و آب,

چکیده مقاله :

در سال های اخیر، افزایش آگاهی در مورد مشکلات زیست محیطی، به ویژه گرم شدن کره زمین، نگرانی های مربوط به تأثیر انتشار گازهای گلخانه ای در جو جهانی را در جوامع مختلف علمی افزایش داده است. ارزیابی چرخه حیات بیشتر برای ارزیابی و مقایسه تأثیرات زیست محیطی تولید انرژی و جنبه های اقتصادی تولید یک محصول در سراسر جهان استفاده می شود. مطالعه حاضر با هدف ارزیابی و تحلیل اثرات زیست محیطی تولید کلزا از نظر ارزیابی چرخه حیات با استفاده از نرم افزار SimaPro انجام شده و هدف این تحقیق تمرکز بر اثرات زیست محیطی است. به منظور انجام آزمایش ها از یک تن کلزا به عنوان واحد عملیاتی استفاده شد. داده های مورد نیاز اجرای این آزمایش از 30 مزرعه در استان البرز جمع آوری شد. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که پتانسیل مسمومیت انسانی، مسمومیت خاک، مسمومیت آب‌های شیرین و مسمومیت آب‌های آزاد به ازای تولید هر تن دانه کلزا به‌ترتیب 881.63، 7.08، 288.67 و 618515.14 کیلوگرم معادل 1 و 4- دی کلرو بنزن و پتانسیل اکسیداسیون فتوشیمیایی 0.43 کیلوگرم معادل اتیلن بود. میزان نیتروژن، فسفات و پتاسیم مصرفی برای تولید هر تن دانه کلزا به‌ترتیب حدود 84، 63 و 63 کیلوگرم و میزان سوخت گازوئیل و انرژی الکتریسیته مصرفی نیز به‌ترتیب 133.5 لیتر و 586 کیلووات برآورد شد. میزان انتشار گازهای CO2، CO، N2O و NOX نیز به‌ترتیب حدود 361، 4.1، 11.5 و 4.8 کیلوگرم به ازای تولید هر تن دانه کلزا بود. همچنین، مشخص شد که کودهای شیمیایی بیشترین سهم را در بین ورودی های ارزیابی‌شده در چرخه زندگی کلزا داشتند. به طورکلی، این بررسی نشان داد که مدیریت مواد مغذی و سموم دفع آفات می‌تواند به عنوان یک نقطه قوت برای بهینه‌سازی تأثیرات زیست محیطی تولید کلزا در نظر گرفته شود.

چکیده انگلیسی:

In recent years, growing awareness of environmental problems, particularly global warming, has raised concerns about the impact of greenhouse gas emissions on the global atmosphere. More life cycle assessments are used to assess and compare the environmental impacts of energy production and the economic aspects of producing a product worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate and analyze the environmental effects of canola production in terms of life cycle assessment (LCA) using SimaPro software with the aim of focusing on environmental impacts. In order to perform the experiments, one ton of rapeseed was used as the operational unit. Required data were collected from 30 farms in Alborz province. The results indicated that the potential of human toxicity, terrestrial ecotoxicity, freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity, and arine aquatic ecotoxicity per ton of rapeseed production were 881.63, 7.08, 288.67, and 618515.14 kg 1,4-dichlorobenzene equal (1,4-DB eq.), respectively, and photochemical oxidation potential was 0.43 kg C2H4 eq. The amount of nitrogen, phosphate and potassium used to produce each ton of rapeseed was about 84, 63 and 63 kg, respectively, and the amount of diesel fuel and electrical energy were estimated at 133.5 liters and 586 kW, respectively. Also, the CO2, CO, N2O and NOX emissions were about 361, 4.1, 11.5 and 4.8 kg per ton of rapeseed, respectively. It was also found that chemical fertilizers had the largest contribution among the evaluated inputs in the canola life cycle. As a whole, this study showed that the management of nutrients and pesticides can be considered as a strong point for optimizing the environmental impact of rapeseed production.

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