بررسی خصوصیات فیتوشیمیایی اندام های گیاه تنگرس طی مراحل مختلف فنولوژیکی
محورهای موضوعی : گیاهان داروییاکرم طالقانی 1 , صغری محمودی 2 , مجید مکبراصفهانی 3
1 - گروه شیمی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه گنبد کاووس، گنبد کاووس، ایران
2 - گروه شیمی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه گنبد کاووس، گنبد کاووس، ایران
3 - گروه شیمی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه گنبد کاووس، گنبد کاووس، ایران
کلید واژه: ترکیبات فنولی, تنگرس, اندام‌های مختلف مورفولوژیکی, بررسی فیتوشیمایی, دوره رویشی,
چکیده مقاله :
گیاه تنگرس با نام علمی Rhamnus pallasii Fisch. & C.A.Mey.یکی از گونه های مهم خانواده Rhamnaceae است، که توزیع گسترده ای در ایران دارد. فاکتورهای مختلف از جمله زمان های مختلف برداشت، رویشگاه، آب و هوا بر روی محتوای متابولیت های ثانویه تاثیر می گذارد. در این پژوهش اندام های مختلف میوه، برگ، پوست و ریشه این گیاه بر اساس شرایط اقلیمی و فنولوژیکی مختلف گیاهان در ماه‌های فروردین، اردیبهشت، تیر، مرداد و مهر جمع آوری و با روش خیساندن در حلال متانول 80 درصد عصاره گیری شدند. محتوای ترکیبات فنولی کل، فلاونوئید کل، آنتوسیانین کل و فنولیک اسید کل عصاره ها به روش اسپکتروفتومتری و فعالیت ضد رادیکالی عصاره ها با آزمون مهار رادیکال های DPPH در ماه های مختلف اندازه گیری شد. نتایج در سطح احتمال 05/0 درصد معنادار هستند. حداکثر ترکیبات فنولی (02/1±66/583 میکروگرم گالیک اسید/گرم گیاه خشک)، آنتوسیانین (019/0± 062/9 میلی گرم/ لیتر) و فنولیک اسید (52/1±87/53 میکروگرم کافئیک اسید/گرم گیاه خشک) در اندام میوه و در ماه مهر و حداکثر ترکیبات فلاونوئیدی (77/1±48/514 میلی‌گرم کوئرستین/ گرم گیاه خشک) در اندام برگ و در ماه فروردین به دست آمد. عصاره میوه ها دارای بیشترین خواص آنتی اکسیدانی با مقدار ۵۰IC، ۲۴/۰ ± ۵۲/۷ میکروگرم بر میلی لیتر در ماه مهر بودند، پس از آن برگ ها با ۲۹/۰±۱۸/۸ میکروگرم بر میلی‌لیتر در ماه فروردین، ریشه با 29/0±50/13 میکروگرم در میلی لیتر در ماه فروردین و پوست درخت با 37/0±79/14میکروگرم در میلی لیتر در ماه اردیبهشت به ترتیب قرار گرفتند. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که کیفیت و کمیت محتوی مواد موثره اندام های مختلف تنگرس تحت شرایط تغییرات فصلی متفاوت است و می توان از این نتایج برای استخراج حداکثر ترکیبات به منظور آنالیزهای بعدی و همچنین استفاده در صنایع مختلف دارویی و غذایی بهره برد.
Rhamnus pallasii Fisch. & C.A.Mey. is one of the most important species of the Rhamnaceae family, which have widely distributed in Iran. Various factors such as different harvest period, habitat, and climate affect the content of plant secondary metabolites. In this study, phytochemical screening in different morphological parts (fruit, leaf, bark and root) investigated in April, May, July, August and October based on different climatic and phenological conditions. Different parts extracted with water-methanol (80%). The content of phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins and phenolic acid compounds of extracts was determined by spectrophotometry method and the antioxidant diphenyl pykryl hydrazyl (DPPH) test was used. The results are significant at the level of 0/05. Methanolic extract of fruit collected in October showed the largest content of total phenolics (583.66 ± 1.02 µg GAE/g DE), anthocyanin (9.06 ± 0.019 mg /l) and phenolic acid (53.87 ± 1.52 µg CAE/g). Also, the highest total flavonoid content was found in methanol extract of leaves in April (514.48±1.77µg QE/g). The fruits exhibited excellent antioxidant properties with IC50 value of 7.52±0.24 µg/ml in October, followed by leaves (8.18±0.29 µg/ml in March), roots (13.50±0.29 µg/ml in March) and barks (14.79±0.37 µg/ml in May). As a result, there is seasonal variation in both the quality and quantity of phenolic compound in different parts of Rhamnus. The phenolic-rich extracts in this study can be effectively used for both research and industrial applications.
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Azadbakht, M., Moezi, L. and Tabaei, S. M.H. (2015). Phytochemical Analysis of Rhamnus cornifolia. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 24(122): 292-306.
Brand-Williams, W., Cuvelier, M.E. Berset, C. (1995). Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. LWT-Food science and Technology. 28(1): 25-30.
Bystrická, J., Vollmannová, A. Margitanová, E. and Čičová, I. (2010). Dynamics of polyphenolics formation in different plant parts and different growth phases of selected buckwheat cultivars. Acta Agriculturae Slovenica. 95: 225- 229
Camelo-Méndez, G., Ragazzo-Sánchez, J. Jimenez-Aparicio, A.R. Vanegas-Espinoza, P.E. Paredes-López, O. and Del Villar-Martinez, A.A. (2013). Comparative study of anthocyanin and volatile compounds content of four varieties of Mexican roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) by multivariable analysis, Plant foods for human nutrition. 68(3): 229-234
Chang, C.C., Yang, M.H., Wen, H.M. and Chern, J.C. (2002). Estimation of total flavonoid content in propolis by two complementary colometric methods. Journal of food and drug analysis. 10(3):3.
Chen, G., Li, X. Saleri, F. and Guo, M. (2016). Analysis of flavonoids in Rhamnus davurica and its antiproliferative activities. Molecules. 21(10): 1275-1289.
Conforti, F., Statti, G.A. and Menichini, F. (2007). Chemical and biological variability of hot pepper fruits (Capsicum annuum var. acuminatum L.) in relation to maturity stage." Food Chemistry 102(4): 1096-1104.
Coşkun, M. (1989). The quantitative determination of anthraderivatives in Rhamnus species growing in south and east Anatolia (Turkey) II. International Journal of Crude Drug Research. 27(3): 167-170.
Coşkun, M., Tanker, N. Sakushima, A. Kitagawa, S. and Nishibe, S. (1984). An anthraquinone Glycoside from Rhamnus pallasii. Phytochemistry. 23(7): 1485-1487.
Dambolena, J.S., Zunino, M.P. Lucini, E.I. Olmedo, R. Banchio, E. Bima, P.J. and Zygadlo, J.A. (2010). Total phenolic content radic alscavenging properties and essential oil composition of Origanum species from populations. Journal of Agriculture Food Chemistry. 58:1115-1120.
Fathiazad, F., Ahmadi-Ashtiani, H. Rezazadeh, S. Jamshidi, M. Mazandarani, M. and Khaki, A. (2010). Study on phenolics and antioxidant activity of some selected plant of Mazandaran Province. Journal of Medicinal Plants, 9(34): 177-183
Hayouni, E. A., Abedrabba, M. Bouix, M. and Hamdi, M. (2007). The effects of solvents and extraction method on the phenolic contents and biological activities in vitro of Tunisian Quercus coccifera L. and Juniperus phoenicea L. fruit extracts. Food chemistry. 105(3): 1126-1134.
Gholivand, M.B. and Piryaei, M. (2014). Total phenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, ascorbic acid contents and antioxidant activity of Rhamnus kurdica Boiss for flower and leaves in flowering and pre-flowering stages. African Journal of Biotechnology. 13(10).
Lakshmanashetty, R.H., Nagaraj, V.B. Hiremath, M.G. and Kumar, V. (2010). In vitro antioxidant activity of Vitex negundo L. leaf extracts. Chiang Mai J. Sci. 37(3): 489-497.
Mahmoodi, S., Taleghani, A. Akbari, R. and Mokaber-Esfahani, M. (2022). Rhamnus pallasii subsp. sintenisii fruit, leaf, bark and root: Phytochemical profiles and biological activities. Arabian Journal of Chemistry 15(7): 103924.
Marzouk, M.S., El-Toumy, S.A. Merfort, I. and Nawwar, M.A. (1999). Polyphenolic metabolites of Rhamnus disperma. Phytochemistry. 52(5): 943-946.
Mihailović, V., Kreft, S. Benković, E.T. Ivanović, N. and Stanković, M.S. (2016). Chemical profile, antioxidant activity and stability in stimulated gastrointestinal tract model system of three Verbascum species. Industrial Crops and Products. 89: 141-151.
Longo, L., Vasapollo, G. and Rescio, L. (2005). Identification of anthocyanins in Rhamnus alaternus L. berries. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 53(5): 1723-1727.
Rezaei Kenti, S.H. and the Ghorbanli, M. (2016). Investigation of phytochemical changes and antioxidant activity of shoots of two plants Halimophyte Climacoptera turcomanica (Litw.) Botsch. And Frankenia hirsuta Desf. Under the influence of harvest season in Sufikum natural habitat of Golestan province. Plant Environmental Physiology. 10 (40): 51-61.
Ribeiro, D.A., Camilo, C.J., Nonato, C.D., F.A., Rodrigues, F.F.G. Menezes, I.R.A., Ribeiro-Filho, J. Xiao, J., de Almeida Souza, M.M. and da Costa, J.G.M. (2020). Influence of seasonal variation on phenolic content and in vitro antioxidant activity of Secondatia floribunda A. DC. (Apocynaceae). Food Chemistry. 315: 126277.
Sufian, Kh. and Dinavand, M. (2007). Flora of Iran, Sh. 55: Rhamnacea, Publications of the Forests and Rangelands Organization. 1-52.
Valizadeh, E., Zonouz, N.F., Zand, A. Shahbazi, S. and Malekian, A. (2011). Evaluation of antioxidant potentials of extracts of cotton thistle ('Onopordum leptolepis' DC.) obtained by various solvents. Australian Journal of Crop Science. 5(10):1163-1166.
Zeinali, Z., Hemmati, Kh. and Mazandarani, M. (2014). Autecology, ethno pharmacology, phytochemistry and antioxidant activity of Ferula gummosa Boiss. in different regions of Razavi Khorasan province. Eco-phytochemical Journal of Medicinal Plants. 1: 11-22. (In Persian)
Zeouk, I. and Bekhti, K. (2020). A critical overview of the traditional, phytochemical and pharmacological aspects of Rhamnus alaternus: a Mediterranean shrub. Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine. 1-11.
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Asghari, J. and Mazaheritehrani, M. (2010). Extraction of tannin from Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. And trimyristin from Myristica fragrans Houtt. by using microwave irradiation. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research. 26(2):185-195.
Azadbakht, M., Moezi, L. and Tabaei, S. M.H. (2015). Phytochemical Analysis of Rhamnus cornifolia. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 24(122): 292-306.
Brand-Williams, W., Cuvelier, M.E. Berset, C. (1995). Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. LWT-Food science and Technology. 28(1): 25-30.
Bystrická, J., Vollmannová, A. Margitanová, E. and Čičová, I. (2010). Dynamics of polyphenolics formation in different plant parts and different growth phases of selected buckwheat cultivars. Acta Agriculturae Slovenica. 95: 225- 229
Camelo-Méndez, G., Ragazzo-Sánchez, J. Jimenez-Aparicio, A.R. Vanegas-Espinoza, P.E. Paredes-López, O. and Del Villar-Martinez, A.A. (2013). Comparative study of anthocyanin and volatile compounds content of four varieties of Mexican roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) by multivariable analysis, Plant foods for human nutrition. 68(3): 229-234
Chang, C.C., Yang, M.H., Wen, H.M. and Chern, J.C. (2002). Estimation of total flavonoid content in propolis by two complementary colometric methods. Journal of food and drug analysis. 10(3):3.
Chen, G., Li, X. Saleri, F. and Guo, M. (2016). Analysis of flavonoids in Rhamnus davurica and its antiproliferative activities. Molecules. 21(10): 1275-1289.
Conforti, F., Statti, G.A. and Menichini, F. (2007). Chemical and biological variability of hot pepper fruits (Capsicum annuum var. acuminatum L.) in relation to maturity stage." Food Chemistry 102(4): 1096-1104.
Coşkun, M. (1989). The quantitative determination of anthraderivatives in Rhamnus species growing in south and east Anatolia (Turkey) II. International Journal of Crude Drug Research. 27(3): 167-170.
Coşkun, M., Tanker, N. Sakushima, A. Kitagawa, S. and Nishibe, S. (1984). An anthraquinone Glycoside from Rhamnus pallasii. Phytochemistry. 23(7): 1485-1487.
Dambolena, J.S., Zunino, M.P. Lucini, E.I. Olmedo, R. Banchio, E. Bima, P.J. and Zygadlo, J.A. (2010). Total phenolic content radic alscavenging properties and essential oil composition of Origanum species from populations. Journal of Agriculture Food Chemistry. 58:1115-1120.
Fathiazad, F., Ahmadi-Ashtiani, H. Rezazadeh, S. Jamshidi, M. Mazandarani, M. and Khaki, A. (2010). Study on phenolics and antioxidant activity of some selected plant of Mazandaran Province. Journal of Medicinal Plants, 9(34): 177-183
Hayouni, E. A., Abedrabba, M. Bouix, M. and Hamdi, M. (2007). The effects of solvents and extraction method on the phenolic contents and biological activities in vitro of Tunisian Quercus coccifera L. and Juniperus phoenicea L. fruit extracts. Food chemistry. 105(3): 1126-1134.
Gholivand, M.B. and Piryaei, M. (2014). Total phenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, ascorbic acid contents and antioxidant activity of Rhamnus kurdica Boiss for flower and leaves in flowering and pre-flowering stages. African Journal of Biotechnology. 13(10).
Lakshmanashetty, R.H., Nagaraj, V.B. Hiremath, M.G. and Kumar, V. (2010). In vitro antioxidant activity of Vitex negundo L. leaf extracts. Chiang Mai J. Sci. 37(3): 489-497.
Mahmoodi, S., Taleghani, A. Akbari, R. and Mokaber-Esfahani, M. (2022). Rhamnus pallasii subsp. sintenisii fruit, leaf, bark and root: Phytochemical profiles and biological activities. Arabian Journal of Chemistry 15(7): 103924.
Marzouk, M.S., El-Toumy, S.A. Merfort, I. and Nawwar, M.A. (1999). Polyphenolic metabolites of Rhamnus disperma. Phytochemistry. 52(5): 943-946.
Mihailović, V., Kreft, S. Benković, E.T. Ivanović, N. and Stanković, M.S. (2016). Chemical profile, antioxidant activity and stability in stimulated gastrointestinal tract model system of three Verbascum species. Industrial Crops and Products. 89: 141-151.
Longo, L., Vasapollo, G. and Rescio, L. (2005). Identification of anthocyanins in Rhamnus alaternus L. berries. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 53(5): 1723-1727.
Rezaei Kenti, S.H. and the Ghorbanli, M. (2016). Investigation of phytochemical changes and antioxidant activity of shoots of two plants Halimophyte Climacoptera turcomanica (Litw.) Botsch. And Frankenia hirsuta Desf. Under the influence of harvest season in Sufikum natural habitat of Golestan province. Plant Environmental Physiology. 10 (40): 51-61.
Ribeiro, D.A., Camilo, C.J., Nonato, C.D., F.A., Rodrigues, F.F.G. Menezes, I.R.A., Ribeiro-Filho, J. Xiao, J., de Almeida Souza, M.M. and da Costa, J.G.M. (2020). Influence of seasonal variation on phenolic content and in vitro antioxidant activity of Secondatia floribunda A. DC. (Apocynaceae). Food Chemistry. 315: 126277.
Sufian, Kh. and Dinavand, M. (2007). Flora of Iran, Sh. 55: Rhamnacea, Publications of the Forests and Rangelands Organization. 1-52.
Valizadeh, E., Zonouz, N.F., Zand, A. Shahbazi, S. and Malekian, A. (2011). Evaluation of antioxidant potentials of extracts of cotton thistle ('Onopordum leptolepis' DC.) obtained by various solvents. Australian Journal of Crop Science. 5(10):1163-1166.
Zeinali, Z., Hemmati, Kh. and Mazandarani, M. (2014). Autecology, ethno pharmacology, phytochemistry and antioxidant activity of Ferula gummosa Boiss. in different regions of Razavi Khorasan province. Eco-phytochemical Journal of Medicinal Plants. 1: 11-22. (In Persian)
Zeouk, I. and Bekhti, K. (2020). A critical overview of the traditional, phytochemical and pharmacological aspects of Rhamnus alaternus: a Mediterranean shrub. Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine. 1-11.