تبیین فقهی قاعده منع جمع تعرض به اصالت سند و ادعای پرداخت
محورهای موضوعی : حقوق خصوصیمهدی حسن زاده 1 , ژیلا قهرمانی 2
1 - دانشگاه قم
2 - گروه حقوق خصوصی دانشگاه قم
کلید واژه: اصالت سند- ادعای پرداخت- دفاع شکلی- دفاع ماهوی-قاعده ی منع جمع,
چکیده مقاله :
با تقدیم دادخواست نوعی رابطه حقوقی در بین اصحاب دعوا به وجود می آید. اشخاص در این رابطه حقوقی، گاهی تعرض به اصالت سند را قبل از ادعای پرداخت و گاهی بعد از ادعای پرداخت و یا همزمان با آن مطرح می نمایند. قاعده منع جمع تعرض به اصالت سند و ادعای پرداخت ازجمله مباحث مهم و قابلتأمل در آیین دادرسی مدنی به شمار می آید که ذهن هر خواننده را به سمت خود مجذوب می کند. این قاعده در قسمت ثانوی ماده 228 قانون آیین دادرسی مدنی بیانشده است. سؤال پژوهش حاضر این است؛ آیا ازلحاظ فقهی و حقوقی اگر به اصالت سندی قبل از ادعای پرداخت و یا اینکه بعد از ادعای پرداخت و یا همزمان با آن تعرض شود امکان رسیدگی به آن وجود دارد یا خیر؟ با تحقیق و بررسی در منابع فقهی و حقوقی و شناسایی مبانی مشترک و اختصاصی این قاعده؛ نتیجهای که حاصل گردید این است : با توجه به شرایطی می توان گفت تعرض به اصالت سند قبل از ادعای پرداخت و گاهی بعد از ادعای پرداخت و یا همزمان با آن قابلطرح است در غیر این صورت طرح همزمان یا پیاپی این مسائل غیرممکن است. همچنین با مشخص نمودن مبانی برای این قاعده، می توان مقصود قانونگذار را از وضع ماده 228 قانون آیین دادرسی مدنی کشف نمود و به سؤالات مطروحه در این زمینه پاسخ داد. مورد پژوهش بر آن است تا بامطالعه مبانی مسئله در حقوق موضوعه و فقه اسلامی به تبیین فقهی موضوع مارالذکر بپردازد.
By bringing an action to the court, a kind of legal relationship is created between the parties to a dispute. People in this legal relationship sometimes state an objection to the authenticity of the deed before, after, or simultaneous with the claim of payment. The principle of the prohibition of the multiplicity of the objection to the authenticity of the deed is one of the important and notable topics in civil law which attracts the attention of every reader. This principle is stated in the second part of Article 228 of the Code of Civil Procedure. The question of the present study is whether it is possible to deal with the authenticity of the deed from the jurisprudential and legal point of view if the objection is made before, after, or simultaneous with the claim of payment. Research and investigation in jurisprudential and legal sources and identification of common and specific bases of this principle yielded the conclusion that given the circumstances, it can be said that an objection to the authenticity of a deed can be stated before, after, and simultaneous with the claim of payment; otherwise, it is impossible to state the case simultaneously or consecutively. Also, by specifying the grounds for this principle, the purpose of the legislator from the enactment of Article 228 Civil Procedure can be discovered and provide answers to the questions raised in this regard. The present study aims to provide a jurisprudenctial examination of the subject by studying the basics of the issue in Islamic law and jurisprudence and substantive law.
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