اثر سیلاب بر آلودگی خاک‌های کشاورزی با فلزات سنگین، همراه مثال موردی
محورهای موضوعی : آلودگی خاک
1 - استادیار پژوهشی مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی آذربایجان شرقی
کلید واژه: واژه‌های کلیدی: فرسایش, دشت رسوبی, آلاینده ها, ویژگی های خاک,
چکیده مقاله :
رخداد سیلاب شدید در سال 1384، باعث شد که دشت رسوبی واقع در استان آذربایجان شرقی برای مدت یک ماه زیر آب برود. هدف این مطالعه ارزیابی اثر سیلاب روی میزان آلودگی خاک ها در این منطقه می باشد. برای این منظور 20 نمونه خاک بلافاصله پس از وقوع سیل از قسمت های سطحی (30-0) همراه با 4 نمونه از عمق 60-30 سانتی متری خاک گرفته شد. در آزمایشگاه ویژگی های فیزیکی-شیمیایی اساسی خاک و غلظت فلزات سنگین کادمیوم، نیکل، سرب، مس و روی نمونه های خاک اندازه گیری شد. یافته ها نشان دادند غلظت فلزات در تمام نمونه ها پایین تر از حد مجاز برای کاربرد در کشاورزی بوده است. در مجموع می توان گفت سیلاب در زمین های کشاورزی پاک اثر منفی روی ویژگی های اساسی خاک (درصد مواد آلی، واکنش خاک و میزان نیتروژن) ندارد و باعث آلودگی شدید خاک نمی گردد.
During the intensive flood in 1384, the floodplains in east Azerbayjan were waterlogged for a period of 1 month. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of the flood on the level of contamination of the soils in this region. For this purpose, 20 soil samples were collected from the area immediately after the flood event from the upper (0–30 cm) soil layer together with four samples from the 30–60 cm depth layer. The analysis included basic physico-chemical soil properties, contents of Cd, Ni, Pb, Cu, and Zn metals. The concentrations of identified metals at all the samples were below the acceptable limits for agriculture use. The results show that this flooding episode in “clean” agricultural area had no immediate negative impact on the soils properties (organic matter percent, acidity, and nitrogen content) and did not result in excessive soil contamination.
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2- Weber, J., Drozd, J., & Licznar, M. (1998). Characteristic of soils subjected to flood in July 1997 at the region of Lubsza community—situation after 5 months. International Agrophysics, 12, 249-257.
3- ulenstein, F., Műller, L., & Helming, K. (1998). Odra 1997 flood effects on soil properties of cultivated areas in Germany. International Agrophysics, 12, 241–247.
4- Sun, L., Chen, S., Chao, L., & Sun, T. (2007). Effects of flooding on changes in Eh, pH and speciation of contaminated soils. Bull Environ Toxicol, 79, 514–518.
5- Ploco, S. S. (1995). Using modular planning and modular modeling towards sound water quality management of the river Meuse. Eur. Water Poll. Con. 5: 41- 50.
6- Leenars, h., Schouten C.J., Rang, M. C., (1988). Variability of the metal content of flood deposits. Environ. Geo. Wat. Sci., 11:95-108.
7- Pinary, G., (1999). Control of C, N, P distribution in soils of riparian forests. Landscape ecology, 6, 121-132.
8- Veerkamp, W., (1994). Human exposure to soil pollutants, Shell International Petroleum Maatschappij, The Hague: Shell.
9- مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اذربایجان شرقی، (1382). گزارش ایستگاه تحقیقاتی تسوج.
10- Klute, A., Nielson, D.R., and Jackson R.D. (1965). Methods of soil analysis, Part 2. 2ed, Agronomy Monog. 9, SA, Madison, WI.
11- Page, A.L., Miller, R. H., Keeny, D.R. Baker, D.E., and Roads J.D. (1965). Methods of soil analysis, Part 1. 2ed, Agronomy Monog. 9, ASA, Madison, WI.
12- Terelak, H., Stuczynski, T., Motowicka-Terelak, T., Maliszewska-Kordybach B., Pietruch Cz. (2008). Monitoring of the chemical properties of arable soils in Poland in years 2005–2007. Biblioteka Monitoringu Srodowiska, Warszawa, pp. 135.
13- Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment. (1991). Interim Canadian Environmental Quality Criteria for Contaminated Sites.
14- Kabata-Pendias, A. (2011). Trace elements in soils and plants. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
15- Vácha, R., Polaček, O., & Horváthová, V. (2003). State of contamination of agricultural soils after floods in August 2002. Plant, Soil and Environment, 449(7), 307–313.
16- Žak, K., Rohovec, J., & Navratil, T. (2009). Fluxes of heavy metals from highly polluted watershed during flood events: a case study of the Litavka river, Czech Republic. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 203, 343–358
1- Marchi, L., Borga, M., Preciso, E., & Gaume, E. (2010). Characterisation of selected extreme flash floods in Europe and implications for flood risk management. Journal of Hydrology, 394, 118–133.
2- Weber, J., Drozd, J., & Licznar, M. (1998). Characteristic of soils subjected to flood in July 1997 at the region of Lubsza community—situation after 5 months. International Agrophysics, 12, 249-257.
3- ulenstein, F., Műller, L., & Helming, K. (1998). Odra 1997 flood effects on soil properties of cultivated areas in Germany. International Agrophysics, 12, 241–247.
4- Sun, L., Chen, S., Chao, L., & Sun, T. (2007). Effects of flooding on changes in Eh, pH and speciation of contaminated soils. Bull Environ Toxicol, 79, 514–518.
5- Ploco, S. S. (1995). Using modular planning and modular modeling towards sound water quality management of the river Meuse. Eur. Water Poll. Con. 5: 41- 50.
6- Leenars, h., Schouten C.J., Rang, M. C., (1988). Variability of the metal content of flood deposits. Environ. Geo. Wat. Sci., 11:95-108.
7- Pinary, G., (1999). Control of C, N, P distribution in soils of riparian forests. Landscape ecology, 6, 121-132.
8- Veerkamp, W., (1994). Human exposure to soil pollutants, Shell International Petroleum Maatschappij, The Hague: Shell.
9- مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اذربایجان شرقی، (1382). گزارش ایستگاه تحقیقاتی تسوج.
10- Klute, A., Nielson, D.R., and Jackson R.D. (1965). Methods of soil analysis, Part 2. 2ed, Agronomy Monog. 9, SA, Madison, WI.
11- Page, A.L., Miller, R. H., Keeny, D.R. Baker, D.E., and Roads J.D. (1965). Methods of soil analysis, Part 1. 2ed, Agronomy Monog. 9, ASA, Madison, WI.
12- Terelak, H., Stuczynski, T., Motowicka-Terelak, T., Maliszewska-Kordybach B., Pietruch Cz. (2008). Monitoring of the chemical properties of arable soils in Poland in years 2005–2007. Biblioteka Monitoringu Srodowiska, Warszawa, pp. 135.
13- Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment. (1991). Interim Canadian Environmental Quality Criteria for Contaminated Sites.
14- Kabata-Pendias, A. (2011). Trace elements in soils and plants. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
15- Vácha, R., Polaček, O., & Horváthová, V. (2003). State of contamination of agricultural soils after floods in August 2002. Plant, Soil and Environment, 449(7), 307–313.
16- Žak, K., Rohovec, J., & Navratil, T. (2009). Fluxes of heavy metals from highly polluted watershed during flood events: a case study of the Litavka river, Czech Republic. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 203, 343–358