بررسی تحلیلی طرح احیا و تعادل‌بخشی آب‌های زیرزمینی کشور و چالش‌های پیش¬روی آن
محورهای موضوعی : آب و محیط زیستمهدی سرائی تبریزی 1 , سید مرتضی موسوی 2 , علیرضا توکلی 3 , محسن براهیمی 4 , امیرعلی فتاحی 5
1 - استادیار گروه علوم و مهندسی آب، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
2 - دانشجوی دکتری مهندسی منابع آب، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
3 - دانشیار پژوهش موسسه تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزي، کرج، ایران.
4 - مدیرعامل شرکت مهندسی مشاور آبگستران میهن و دکتری مدیریت منابع آب، تهران، ایران.
5 - کارشناس مهندسی منابع آب و عضو گروه کار استفاده پایدار از منابع آب برای تولید محصولات کشاورزی، کمیته ملی آبیاری و زهکشی ایران، تهران، ایران.
کلید واژه: آبخوان, حفاظت و پایداری منابع آب, طرح ملی.,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: افت قابل‌توجه مخازن آب زیرزمینی تمام دشت‌های کشور و تبعات سوء آن روز به روز تشدید می‌شود، بنابراین هدف از این پژوهش، ارزیابی جامع روند تغییرات مطلوب و نامطلوب طرح ملی احیاء و تعادل بخشی منابع آب زیرزمینی کشور می‌باشد. در این پژوهش تلاش می¬شود، اثرات و موانع موجود در ارکان مؤثر بر طرح تعادل¬بخشی و چالش¬های پیرامون آن مورد بررسی و تحلیل قرار گیرد تا در اصلاح و بهبود روند مدیریت اجرایی منابع آب استفاده شود. روش بررسی: باتوجه به هدف در این تحقیق، از تمام اسناد بالادستی موجود در علوم و مهندسی آب شامل گزارشات بیلان منابع آب محدوده‌های مطالعاتی کشور، خلاصه گزارشات نهایی و بازخوردهای شرکت‌های آب منطقه‌ای در تمام استان‌ها بعد از اجرای این طرح ملی و استخراج اطلاعات از منابع کتابخانه‌ای و مذاکرات حضوری و غیرحضوری با کارشناسان خبره وزارت نیرو استفاده شد. یافته¬ها: بر اساس آخرین اطلاعات موجود (وزارت نیرو) بیش از 858000 حلقه چاه فعال در کشور وجود دارد که حدود 50 میلیارد مترمکعب از آن برای مصارف مختلف تخلیه می¬شود. در طی نیم¬¬قرن اخیر در نتیجه تخلیه منابع آب زیرزمینی بیش از تغذیه آبخوان¬ها و خشکسالی¬های متوالی، اعلام ممنوعیت بیش از 410 محدوده از 609 محدوده مطالعاتی کشور ابلاغ شده است. با هدف متعادل¬کردن میزان برداشت آب با توان طبیعی آبدهی و ترمیم ذخایر از دست¬رفته آب زیرزمینی در یک بازه زمانی 20 ساله، طرح احیا و تعادل-بخشی منابع آب زیرزمینی در سال 1393 به تصویب شورای عالی آب رسید و کنترل کسري متوسط سالانه 6/5 میلیارد مترمکعب آبخوان¬ها (منتهی به سال آبی 95-1394) در دوره 5 ساله برنامه ششم در سطح کشور تعریف و برنامه¬ریزي شده است. در این راستا وزارت نیرو اقدام به تدوین برنامه عملیاتی در سطح استان¬ها و محدوده¬هاي مطالعاتی تحت پوشش نموده است. بحث و نتیجه¬گیری: با گذشت یک دهه از اجرای این طرح ملی، در این مطالعه نتایج عملکرد میدانی در سطح استان¬های کشور استخراج و مورد مقایسه با اهداف تعیین شده سالانه قرار گرفت. با ملاحظه روند، آشکار می¬سازد که گستره حکمراني آب برای حفاظت از منابع آب زيرزميني در وضعيت نامطلوبي قرار دارد. نتایج حاصله نشان می¬دهد، عدم حمایت از این طرح، کشور را با چالش-ها و عواقب جبران¬ناپذیری در آینده نه چندان دور مواجه خواهد نمود.
Background and Objective: Significant decline of groundwater reservoirs in all plains of the country and its adverse consequences are intensifying day by day, so the purpose of this study is to comprehensively assess the trend of favorable and unfavorable changes in the national plan to rehabilitate and balance the country's groundwater resources. Material and Methodology: According to the purpose of this research, from all upstream documents in water science and engineering, including water resources balance reports of the country's study areas, summary reports and feedback of regional water companies in all provinces after the implementation of this national plan and extracting information from library resources and face-to-face talks with Experts from the Ministry of Energy were used. Findings: According to the latest available information (Ministry of Energy), there are more than 858,000 active wells in the country, of which about 50 billion cubic meters are discharged for various purposes. During the last half century, as a result of depletion of groundwater resources more than the feeding of aquifers and consecutive droughts, more than 410 out of 609 study areas of the country have been banned. With the aim of balancing water withdrawal with natural discharge capacity and repairing lost groundwater reserves over a period of 20 years, the plan to rehabilitate and balance groundwater resources in 2014 was approved by the Supreme Water Council and control the average annual deficit 5.6 billion cubic meters of aquifers (leading to the water year 2015-16) have been defined and planned in the 5-year period of the Sixth Plan in the country. In this regard, the Ministry of Energy has developed an action plan at the level of provinces and study areas covered. Discussion and Conclusion: With the passage of a decade since the implementation of this national plan, in this study, the results of the field performance at the level of the country's provinces were extracted and compared with the annual goals. Considering the trend, it becomes clear that the extent of water governance for the protection of underground water resources is in an unfavorable situation. The results show that not supporting this plan will face the country with irreparable challenges and consequences in the not too distant future.
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