تأثیر سطوح کود دامی و زمان برداشت بر عملکرد کمی و کیفی شوید تحت سطوح تنش خشکی در مناطق خشک (مطالعه موردی: منطقه سیستان)
محورهای موضوعی : اکولوژی محیطی
عیسی خمری
1
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علی ارباب
2
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زینب محکمی
3
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علیرضا سیروس مهر
4
1 - استادیار گروه زراعت، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران
2 - دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل
3 - عضو هیأت علمی پژوهشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه زابل
4 - دانشگاه زابل
کلید واژه: اسانس, پرولین, عناصر مغذی, کربوهیدرات, گیاه دارویی,
چکیده مقاله :
کود دامی یکی از استراتژیهای مهم برای بهبود تحمل گیاهان به خشکی و افزایش حاصلخیزی خاک، رشد، عملکرد، کیفیت و تغذیه گیاهان میباشد. این تحقیق بهمنظور بررسی تأثیر کود دامی (عدم کاربرد کود، کاربرد 20 و 30 تن کود دامی در هکتار) و زمان برداشت (شروع رسیدگی و رسیدگی کامل) بر عملکرد کمی و کیفی شوید تحت خشکی (آبیاری تا شروع گلدهی، آبیاری تا اواسط پر شدن دانه و آبیاری تا رسیدگی دانه) انجام گردید. آزمایش اسپلیت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوکهای کامل تصادفی بود. تنش خشکی عملکرد دانه، عملکرد پیکر رویشی و مقادیر عناصر (نیتروژن، فسفر، پتاسیم، منیزیم و کلسیم) را نسبت به شاهد کاهش داد و میزان پرولین، کربوهیدرات، اسانس پیکر رویشی و اسانس دانه را نسبت به شاهد افزایش داد. اثر منفی خشکی از مرحله شروع گلدهی بیشتر بود. مصرف کود دامی تمامی صفات را در مقایسه با شاهد در هر دو شرایط آبیاری نرمال و خشکی افزایش داد. صفات فوق در زمان برداشت در رسیدگی کامل حداکثر مقدار را داشتند. بیشترین میزان عملکرد دانه، عملکرد پیکر رویشی و عناصر با مصرف 30 تن کود دامی و برداشت در رسیدگی کامل تحت شرایط آبیاری نرمال بدست آمد. در شرایط خشکی از مرحله گلدهی و برداشت در رسیدگی کامل، مصرف 30 تن در هکتار کود دامی موجب افزایش 7/20 درصدی و 4/15 درصدی بهترتیب در محتوی اسانس پیکر رویشی و دانه شد. از اینرو، مصرف 30 تن در هکتار کود دامی برای بهبود رشد، عملکرد کمی و کیفیت گیاه شوید تحت تنش خشکی پیشنهاد میشود.
Animal manure is one of the important strategies to improve the tolerance of plants to drought and increase soil fertility, growth, yield, quality, and nutrition of plants. This research was conducted to investigate the effect of manure (non-application of fertilizer, application of 20 and 30 ton/ha) and harvesting time (initiation of ripening and full ripening) on the quantitative and qualitative yield of dill under drought (irrigation until the beginning of flowering, irrigation until the middle of seed filling, and irrigation until seed ripening). The experiment was a factorial split plot in the form of a basic design of randomized complete blocks. Drought stress decreased seed yield, shoot yield, and the amounts of elements (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, and calcium) compared to the control. It increased the amount of proline, carbohydrates, shoot essential oil, and seed essential oil compared to the control. The negative effect of drought was greater at the beginning of flowering. Consumption of manure fertilizer increased all traits compared to the control in both normal irrigation and drought conditions. At the harvest time in full ripening, the above traits had the maximum value. The highest amount of seed yield, shoot yield, and elements was obtained with the consumption of 30 ton/ha of manure and harvesting in full ripening under normal irrigation conditions. In drought stress from the flowering stage and harvest in full maturity, the consumption of 30 ton/ha of animal manure caused an increase of 20.7% and 15.4% in the essential oil content of shoots and seeds, respectively. Therefore, it is recommended to use 30 ton/ha manure to improve the growth, quantitative yield, and quality of dill plants under drought stress.
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