اختلالات فیزیولوژیکی در گیاه ترب Raphanus sativus L و روش‌های کنترل آن
محورهای موضوعی : سبزیکاری
مانی جباری
1
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میترا جباری
2
1 - کارشناس ارشد، گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران
2 - کارشناس ارشد، گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشكده توليد گياهي، دانشگاه علوم كشاورزي و منابع طبيعي گرگان، گرگان، ایران
کلید واژه: آنزیم, تنش, فیزیولوژیک, کاتالاز,
چکیده مقاله :
اختلالات فیزیولوژیکی تغییرات غیرطبیعی غیر آسیب شناختی در بافتهای گیاهی هستند که در پاسخ به تعامل بین ژنوتیپ و محیط بیان میشوند. تنشهای محیطی میتواند تأثیر زیادی بر ایجاد اختلالات فیزیولوژیکی در گیاهان داشته باشد. محیط از تنش های غیرزیستی پیچیده تشکیل شده است. ترب، یکی از سبزیجات ریشه ای مهم میباشد که در سطح وسیعی در جهان کشت میشود. با این حال، هنوز هم تولید ریشه ترب با کیفیت خوب به دلیل آسیب پذیری آن نسبت به اختلالات فیزیولوژیکی مختلف قبل از برداشت، بسیار دشوار است. اختلالات فیزیولوژیکی مهمی که عملکرد و کیفیت ریشه ترب را به میزان قابل توجهی کاهش میدهند عبارت از چنگالی شدن، اسفنجی شدن، ترک خوردن/شکاف خوردن، توخالی و قهوه ای شدن داخلی میباشند. عوامل غیرزیستی مختلف مانند تنش رطوبتی، نوسانات دما، محیط رشد، عدم تعادل عناصر غذایی، تراکم گیاه و زمان برداشت باعث اختلال در فعالیت‌های متابولیکی بافتهای ریشه میشوند. سیستمهای آنزیمی سوپراکسید دیسموتاز (SOD)، کاتالاز (CAT)، پراکسیداز (POX) و آسکوربات پراکسیداز (APX) نیز نقش مهمی در تخریب گونههای فعال اکسیژن (ROS) و پراکسید هیدروژن (H2O2) دارند. گیاهان دارای یک سیستم دفاعی پیچیده آنتی اکسیدانی شامل اجزای غیرآنزیمی و آنزیمی هستند که مسئول حذف گونههای اکسیژن فعال هستند.
Physiological disorders are abnormal non-pathological changes in plant tissues that are expressed in response to the interaction between genotype and environment. Environmental stresses can have a great effect on causing physiological disorders in plants. The environment consists of complex abiotic stresses. Horseradish is one of the important root vegetables that is widely cultivated in the world. However, it is still very difficult to produce good quality radish root due to its vulnerability to various physiological disturbances before harvest. Important physiological disorders that significantly reduce the yield and quality of radish are forking, sponginess, cracking/fissuring, hollowness and internal browning of radish roots. Various abiotic factors such as moisture stress, temperature fluctuations, growth environment, imbalance of nutrients, plant density and harvesting time cause disturbances in the metabolic activities of root tissues. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) enzyme systems also play an important role in the destruction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Plants have a complex antioxidant defense system including non-enzymatic and enzymatic components that are responsible for removing reactive oxygen species.
Keywords Enzyme, Stress, Physiological, Catalase
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