اثرات استفاده از اسیدهای چرب امگا- 3، امگا-6 و مخلوط آن‌ها بر عملکرد، شاخص‌های اسکلتی و سلامت در گوساله‌های شیرخوار هلشتاین

محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه زیست شناسی جانوری

اسماعیل سنگین ¹ , علی نیکخواه ² , محمد چمنی ^{3 *} , علی اصغر صادقی ⁴ , مهدی امین افشار ⁵

1 - گروه علوم دامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
2 - گروه علوم دامی دانشگدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران
3 - گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی و صنایع غذایی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران.
4 - گروه علوم دامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
5 - گروه کشاورزی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1403/10/25 تاریخ پذیرش : 1404/01/24 تاریخ انتشار : 1404/04/11

کلید واژه: اسیدهای چرب امگا-6 و امگا-3, رشد اسکلتی, سلامت, عملکرد, گوساله¬های شیرخوار,

چکیده مقاله :

این مطالعه به‌منظور بررسی اثرات استفاده از اسیدهای چرب امگا- 3، امگا-6 و مخلوط آن‌ها بر عملکرد، شاخص‌های اسکلتی و سلامت در گوساله­های شیرخوار هلشتاین بود. تعداد 56 رأس گوساله شیرخوار (نر و ماده) با میانگین وزن بدن 5/1±38 کیلوگرم انتخاب و به‌صورت طرح کاملاً تصادفی به چهار گروه آزمایشی شامل 1) شاهد (فاقد روغن)؛ 2) روغن سویا + شیر؛ 3) روغن ماهی + شیر؛ و 4) ترکیب روغن سویا و روغن ماهی +  شیر تقسیم شدند. شروع آزمایش 3 روزگی، از شیرگیری 75 روزگی و پایان دوره 80 روزگی بود. مصرف خوراک (استارتر + شیر) و افزایش وزن بدن به‌صورت روزانه برای هر گوساله به‌صورت مجزا انجام گردید. سنجش فاکتورهاي رشد به وسیله مترسنج استاندارد در روزهای 3، 75 و 85ام پرورش انجام شد و اسکور مدفوع و اسکور شادابی براساس شکل ظاهری (1 تا 5) بررسی و ثبت گردید. نتایج نشان داد مصرف خوراک و  مصرف ماده خشک شیر با افزودن اسیدچرب امگا-3 و امگا-6 در بین گروه‌های آزمایشی تغییر معنی‌داری نداشت (05/0<P). تفاوت معنی‌دار از نظر میانگین افزایش وزن روزانه و وزن بدن گوساله‌ها نسبت به تیمار شاهد مشاهده نشد (05/0<P)، اما افزایش وزن روزانه برای روغن سویا بیش‌تر از روغن ماهی بود. بازده استفاده از خوراک برای گروه‌های آزمایشی تحت تأثیر تیمارهای آزمایشی نبود (05/0<P). شاخص‌های اسکلتی اندازه‌گیری شده در این آزمایش به‌طور معنی‌دار تحت تأثیر تیمارهای آزمایشی قرار نگرفتند (05/0<P). شاخص‌های سلامت اعم از اسکور مدفوع و اسکور شادابی تحت تاثیر تیمارهای آزمایشی نبودند (05/0<P). نتايج حاصل از اين تحقيق نشان داد استفاده از اسیدهای چرب اشباع نشده چندگانه روغن سویا و روغن ماهی نه تنها هیچ تأثیر سوئی بر عملکرد گوساله‌ها نداشت، بلکه منجر به بهبود برخی از فاکتورهای رشد و وزن بدن نیز شد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

 This study aimed to investigate the effects of using omega-3, omega-6 fatty acids and their mixtures on performance, skeletal indices and health in Holstein calves. 56 suckling calves (male and female) with an average body weight of 38±1.5 kg were selected and divided into four experimental groups in a completely randomized design: 1) control (oil-free); 2) soybean oil + milk; 3) fish oil + milk; and 4) combination of soybean oil and fish oil + milk. The experiment began at 3 days of age, weaning was at 75 days of age, and the end of the period was at 80 days of age. Feed intake (starter + milk) and body weight gain were recorded daily for each calf separately. Growth factors were measured using a standard meter on days 3, 75, and 85 of rearing, and stool scores and vitality scores were assessed and recorded based on appearance (1 to 5). The results showed that feed intake and milk solids intake did not change significantly among the experimental groups with the addition of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids (P<0.05). No significant difference was observed in the average daily weight gain and body weight of calves compared to the control treatment (P<0.05), but daily weight gain was greater for soybean oil than for fish oil. Feed Intake efficiency for the experimental groups was not affected by the experimental treatments (P<0.05). Skeletal indices measured in this experiment were not significantly affected by the experimental treatments (P<0.05). Health indicators, including stool score and vitality score, were not affected by experimental treatments (P<0.05).

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