ارزیابی ژنتیکی و ساختار جمعیتی جایگاه ژنی دخیل در تنش گرمایی (HSP90β) در مرغ های بومی مازندران، آذربایجان غربی و مرغ‌های تجاری

محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه زیست شناسی جانوری

جعفر پیش جنگ آقاجری ¹ (گروه علوم دامی، واحد مراغه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مراغه، ایران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1401/12/22 تاریخ پذیرش : 1402/02/10 تاریخ انتشار : 1402/09/01

کلید واژه: شوک حرارتی, مرغ بومی, تنوع ژنوتیپی, اصلاح نژاد ژنتیکی, نشانگر ژنی,

چکیده مقاله :

در مناطق گرم و خشک، تنش گرمایی زیان های اقتصادی زیادی را در تولید طیور به وجود می آورد و منجر به کاهش چندین عامل فیزیولوژیکی و متابولیکی می شود. این تحقیق به منظور بررسی چندشکلی‌های آللی و ژنوتیپی جایگاه ژنی دخیل در تنش گرمایی (HSP90β) در توده های مرغ بومی مازندران، آذربایجان غربی و تجاری های گوشتی و تخم گذار با استفاده از تکنیک PCR-RFLP انجام شد. به طور تصادفی از 400 قطعه مرغ خون گیری و DNAی ژنومی به روش شستشوی نمکی استخراج شد. جایگاه ژنی مورد نظر به طول 494 جفت باز به کمک آغازگرهای اختصاصی تکثیر و برای شناسایی جهش در جایگاه ژنی از هضم آنزیم MspI استفاده شد. برای این جایگاه ژنی، دو نوع ژنوتیپ M1M1 و M1M2 و دو آلل M1 (با یک نوار 494 جفت بازی) و M2 (با دو نوار 248 جفت بازی و 246 جفت بازی) شناسایی شد. توده های مرغ بومی مازندران، آذربایجان غربی و تجاری گوشتی از نظر شاخص تعادل برای جایگاه ژنی مورد نظر در تعادل هاردی - واینبرگ قرار داشتند. برای توده های مرغ بومی مازندران، آذربایجان غربی و تجاری گوشتی شاخص اطلاعات شانون به ترتیب 32/0، 28/0 و 40/0، شاخص تثبیت به ترتیب 12/0، 11/0- و 16/0- و شاخص هتروزیگوسیتی مشاهده ‌شده به ترتیب 19/0، 17/0 و 28/0 برآورد شدند. با توجه به وجود چندشکلی و جهش در این جایگاه ژنی، می توان از این نشانگر در مرغ های بومی مازندران، آذربایجان غربی با انتخاب ژنتیکی و در مرغ های تجاری گوشتی با انتخاب ژنتیکی در سطح لاین، در حذف مرغ های حساس به گرما و نگهداری مرغ های مقاوم در برابر گرما استفاده کرد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

In hot and dry regions, heat stress causes significant economic losses in poultry production and leads to the reduction of several physiological and metabolic factors. This research was conducted in order to investigate the allelic and genotypic polymorphisms of the gene locus involved in heat stress (HSP90β) in native chickens of Mazandaran, West Azerbaijan and commercial broiler and egg-laying chicken populations using PCR-RFLP technique. Randomly, blood was taken from 400 chicken and genomic DNA was extracted by salting out method. The desired gene locus of 494 base pairs was amplified with the help of specific primers and MspI enzyme digestion was used to identify the mutation in the gene locus. For this gene locus, two types of genotypes M1M1 and M1M2 and two alleles M1 (with one band of 494 bp) and M2 (with two bands of 248 bp and 246 bp) were identified. Mazandaran, West Azerbaijan native and commercial broiler chicken masses were in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. For Mazandaran, West Azerbaijan native and commercial broiler chicken populations, Shannon information index was 0.32, 0.28 and 0.40, respectively, the fixation index was 0.12, -0.11 and -0.16, respectively and the observed heterozygosity was 0.19, 0.17 and 0.28, respectively. Due to the presence of polymorphism and mutation in this gene locus, it is possible to use this marker in the native chickens of Mazandaran and West Azerbaijan with genetic selection and in commercial broiler chickens with genetic selection at the line level, to remove heat-sensitive chickens and keep them heat-resistant chickens are used.

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