امکان سنجی مهار علف های هرز و افزایش عملکرد با کشت مخلوط (مطالعه موردی: گل همیشه بهار با ماش)
محورهای موضوعی : بوم شناسی گیاهان زراعی
1 -
کلید واژه: زیست توده, نسبت برابری زمین, وزن خشک گل, تراکم مطلوب, رقابت بین‌گونه‌ای, کشت خالص,
چکیده مقاله :
به منظور مطالعه تأثیر کشت مخلوط همیشه بهار با ماش بر عملکرد و بیوماس علف‌های‌هرز آزمایشی در سال 1392 در تبریز به صورت کرت های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی و دو فاکتور شامل دو رقم همیشه بهار پُرپَر و کم پر و کشت مخلوط آن ها با ماش در نسبت های صفر، 5/12، 25، 5/37 و 50% تراکم مطلوب انجام شد. در کرت های رقم کم پَر، علف های هرز توانایی رشد کمتری نسبت به رقم پُرپَر داشتند. وقتی ماش با 5/37% تراکم مطلوب کاشته شد، وزن خشک گل همیشه بهار افزایش یافت. بیشترین وزن خشک گل از دو تیمار کشت خالص و کشت مخلوط ماش با 5/37% تراکم مطلوب آن در کشت مخلوط با همیشه بهار و به ترتیب برابر با 5/103 و 8/95 گرم در متر مربع حاصل گردید. در سیستم های کاشت 25%، 5/37% و 50% ماش به همراه 100% همیشه بهار بیشترین عملکرد دانه ماش به ترتیب برابر با 2/37، 9/39 و 6/41 گرم در متر مربع حاصل شد. در تمامی تیمارها به جز تیمار کاشت مخلوط همیشه بهار پرپر با ماش در تراکم 5/12% نسبت برابری زمین بیشتر از واحد بود. با توجه به بهبود شاخص نسبت برابری زمین در کشت مخلوط گل همیشه بهار کم پَر با ماش در تراکم های مختلف آن و نیز در کشت مخلوط رقم پُرپَر با ماش در تراکم های بیش از 25% و عدم وجود تفاوت معنی دار در مقدار این شاخص در تراکم های مذکور کشت مخلوط ارقام کم پَر و پُرپَر گل همیشه بهار با ماش به ترتیب در نسبت های 5/12% و 25% تراکم مطلوب آن توصیه می شود.
This study was conducted in Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, Iran, during 2013 in split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design in three replications to study the effect of marigold and mungbean intercropping on yield and weeds biomass. Treatments consisted of two cultivars of marigold (Kampar, Porpar) sowed with mungbean in 0, 12.5, 25, 37.5 and 50% ratios of optimum density. Weeds in Porpar cultivar plots had higher growth potential than Kampar cultivar. When mungbean was sown with 37.5% of optimum density, dry weight of marigold increased significantly. The highest dry weight of marigold obtained from two treatments with marigold sole cropping and intercropping with mungbean at 37.5% of optimum density which was 103.5 and 95.8 gm-2, respectively. The highest amount of mungbean seed yields obtained from planting systems of 25% mungbean+100% marigold, 37.5% mungbean+100% marigold and 50% mungbean+100% marigold which were 37.2, 39.9 and 41.6 g m-2, respectively. The land equivalent ratio in all treatments except for 12.5% mungbean+100% marigold was higher than the unit. Because of the improvement of land equivalent ratio index in marigold Kampar intercropped with different densities of mungbean plots and also in marigold Porpar intercropped with densities higher than 25% of mungbean plots, and lack of significant difference in the amount of this index between mentioned densities, it is recommended to intercrop 12.5% mungbean+100% marigold in Kampar cultivar and 25% mungbean+100% marigold in Porpar cultivar
Alizadeh Y, Koucheki A, Nasiri Mahallati M (2010) Yield, its components and weed control potential in intercropping of bean and basil. Iranian Crop Research Journal 2: 553-541.
2. Alizadeh Y, Koucheki A, Nasiri Mahallati M (2011) Study of agronomic traits, yield and its components and weed control potential in intercropping of bean and basil. Iranian Crop Research Journal 2: 383-397.
3. Allahmoradi P, Ghobadi M, Taherabadi S (2011) Physiological aspects of mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) in response to drought stress. International Conference on Food Engineering and Biotechnology, 11-15 May, Singapore, Singapore.
4. Banik P, Midya A, Sarkar BK, Ghose SS (2006) Wheat and chickpea intercropping systems in an additive series experiment: Advantages weed smothering. European Journal of Agronomy 24: 325-332.
5. Carmi A, Aharoni Y, Edelstein M, Umiel N, Hagiladi A, Yosef E, Nikbachat M, Zenou A, Miron J (2006) Effects of irrigation and plant density on yield, composition and in vitro digestibility of a new forage sorghum cultivar, Tal, at two maturity stages. Animal Feed Science and Technolog 131: 120–132.
6. Deihimfard R, Hejazi A, Zand E, Baghestani MA, Akbari GA, Soufizadeh S (2007) Evaluation of some characteristics affecting competitiveness of eight ıranian wheat cultivars with rocket weed. Iranian Journal of Weed Science 3: 59-78.
7. Eskandari H (2012) Yield and quality of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and Mungbean (Vigna radiata) as double cropped. Journal of Basic and Appllied Sciences Research 2(1): 93-97.
8. Feikea T, Chen Q, Pfenninga J, Graeff‐Hönningera S, Zühlkea G, Claupeina W (2010) How to overcome the slow death of intercropping in China. 9th European IFSA Symposium, 4‐7 July, Vienna, Austria.
9. Hauggaard-Nielsen H, Ambus P, Jensen ES (2001a) Interspecific competition, N use and interference with weeds in pea-barley intercropping. Field Crops Research 70:101-109.
10. Hosseini SA, Rashed Mohassel H, Nassiri Mahallati M, Hajmohammadnia Galibaf K (2010) Study effect of nitrogen rate and weeds interference duration on yield and yield components of grain corn. Journal of plants Protection 23: 97-105.
11. Ijoyah MO, Jimba J (2012) Evaluation of yield and yield components of Maize (Zea mays L.) and Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) intercropping system at Makurdi, Nigeria. Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences 2: 38-44.
12. Jensen ES, Hauggaard-Nielsen H, Kinane J, Andersen MK, Jornsgaard B (2005) Intercropping: The practical application of diversity, competition and facilitation in arable organic cropping systems. In: Köpke U, Niggli U, Neuhoff D, Lockeretz W, Willer H (eds): Researching Sustainable Systems, Proceedings of the First Scientific Conference of the International Society of Organic Agricultural Research, 22-25 April, Bonn, Germany.
13. Mazaheri D (1994) Intercropping. Tehran University Publishers, Tehran, Iran. 262p.
14. Mirshekari B (2010) Production of medicinal and spice crops. Islamic Azda University Publishers, Tabriz, Iran. 200p.
15. Naderi Darbaghshahi M, Pazouki A, Banitaba A, Jalali Zand A (2010) Study of agronomical and economical aspects of saffron-chamomile intercropping in Isfahan. Journal of New Findings in Agriculture 4: 414-423.
16. Naghavi MR (2012) Effects of planting populations on yield and yield components of safflower in different weed competition treatments. Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment 10(1): 481-483.
17. Olorunmaiye PM (2010) Weed control potential of five legume cover crops-maize intercrop in a Southern Guinea savanna ecosystem of Nigeria. Australian Journal of Crop Science 4: 324-329.
18. Šarūnaıtė L, Deveıkytė I, Kadžıulıenė Z (2010) Intercropping spring wheat with grain legume for increased production in an organic crop rotation. Journal of Žemdırbystė Agrıculture 97: 51–58.
19. Shahbazi M, Sarajuoghi M (2012) Evaluating maize yield in ıntercropping with mungbean. Annals of Biological Research 3(3): 1434-1436.
20. Sprent JI (2006) Evolving ideas of legume evolution and diversity: a taxonomic perspective on the occurrence of nodulation. New Phytology 174: 11–25.
21. Szumigalski A, Van Acker R (2005) Weed suppression and crop production in annual intercrops. Weed Science 53: 813- 825.
22. Tatari M, Abbasi A (2006) Study effect of different densities of cumin-pea intercropping on weeds control: growth indices and yield components of pea. First International Legumes Meeting. 19-20 Nov., Mashhad, Iran.
_||_