بررسی فون و تغییرات جمعیت مورچه‌های (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) شکارگر آفات مزارع برنج مازندران
محورهای موضوعی : بوم شناسی گیاهان زراعیحسن قهاری 1 , مهرداد طبری 2 , ابوالفضل رشیدی 3 , حمیدرضا محبی 4
1 - استادیار حشره شناسی و عضو هیأت علمی گروه کشاورزی دانشگاه آزاداسلامی واحد شهر ری.
2 - مربی پژوهش حشره شناسی و عضو هیأت علمی مؤسسه تحقیقات برنج مازندران. آمل.
3 - استادیار اصلاح نباتات و عضو هیأت علمی گروه کشاورزی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد شهر ری.
4 - کارشناس ارشد زراعت گروه کشاورزی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد شهر ری.
کلید واژه: تغییرات جمعیت, فون, مازندران, مورچه, مزارع برنج,
چکیده مقاله :
مورچه‌ها به عنوان یکی از شکارگرهای مهم آفات در اکوسیستم‌های مختلف حایز اهمیت هستند. با توجه به اهمیت مورچه‌ها در تغذیه از مراحل مختلف زیستی آفات، فون و تغییرات جمعیت این حشرات مفید در مزارع برنج مازندران مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. بر اساس نتایج این پژوهش، پانزده گونه مورچه از مزارع برنج مازندران جمع‌آوری گردید. نتایج مطالعات مربوط به تغییرات جمعیت مورچه‌ها در فصل غیر زراعی و روی کلش‌های سه رقم مختلف برنج شامل فجر، خزر و نعمت نشان داد که تراکم این حشرات روی رقم فجر بیشتر از دو رقم دیگر بود و بین ارقام خزر و نعمت اختلاف معنی‌داری مشاهده نگردید. مقایسه نتایج مربوط به نمونه‌برداری‌های هفتگی از پایان شهریور تا پایان آبان ماه 1384، روند افزایشی محسوسی را در تراکم جمعیت مورچه‌ها تا اواسط آبان نشان داد به طوری که بالاترین تراکم در تاریخ 9/8/1384 به دست آمد و بعد از آن به صورت تدریجی کاهش یافت. مقایسه میانگین اثر متقابل تاریخ نمونه‌برداری × واریته برنج روی تغییرات جمعیت مورچه‌ها نشان داد که بین اثرهای متقابل در سطح احتمال 1% اختلاف معنی‌دار وجود داشته است.
Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) are one of the important predators in different agroecosystems. Considering the importance of ants in predating and feeding at different life stages of pests, fauna and population fluctuation of these beneficial insects were studied in rice fields of Mazandaran province. Of the faunistic survey, totally 15 species of ants were collected and identified from the paddy fields in Mazandaran province. The results of population fluctuations on the stubbles of three varieties including, Fajr, Khazar and Nemat indicated that the ants' population density was higher on Fajr than the two other varieties, and there was not a significant difference between Khazar and Nemat. Samplings from 11 September to 15 November 2005 indicated that the population density increased until last October and then decreased gradually; the highest density was obtained in 30 October. The means comparison revealed the significant reciprocal effect of "sampling date × rice variety" on population density of ants "P<0.01".
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