اثرات اسید سالیسیلیک روی شاخص‌های رشدی و برخی از نشانگرهای بیوشیمیایی گیاهچه‌های گندم L.) Triticum aestivum) تحت تنش شوری
محورهای موضوعی : بوم شناسی گیاهان زراعی
الهام قافیه سنج
1
(1- کارشناس ارشد علوم گیاهی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد مرند، مرند، ایران.)
کمال الدین دیلمقانی
2
(استادیار گروه علوم گیاهی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد مرند، مرند، ایران.)
حسن حکمت شعار
3
(دانشیار گروه علوم گیاهی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد مرند، مرند، ایران.)
کلید واژه: پروتئین, پرولین, شوری, اسید سالیسیلیک, شاخص&lrm, های رشد, مالون دی آلدهید,
چکیده مقاله :
به منظور بررسی اثر اسید سالیسیلیک بر پارامترهای رشد (وزن تر اندام هوایی و ریشه)، پرولین، پروتئین محلول و مالون دی آلدهید در دانهرستهای گندم رقم زرین تحت تنش شوری کلرید سدیم، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار و برای هر ترکیب تیماری در 27 واحد آزمایشی انجام گرفت. فاکتور اول شوری در سه سطح (0، 75، 150 میلی‌مولار) و فاکتور دوم اسید سالیسیلیک در سه غلظت 0، 200، 400 میلیگرم بر لیتر بودند. هشت روز پس از کشت در مرحله دو برگی کامل، گیاهان تیمار NaCl 0، 75 و 150 میلی‌مولار کلرید سدیم را دریافت کردند. شوری 75 میلی‌مولار طی دو نوبت با غلظت‌های 25 و 50 میلی‌مولار و شوری 150 میلی‌مولار طی چهار نوبت با غلظت‌های 25، 50، 25 و 50 میلی‌مولار به فاصله یک هفته از یکدیگر اعمال شد. هفت روز پس از اعمال تیمار شوری، گیاهان تیمار اسید سالیسیلیک 0، 200 و 400 میلی گرم برلیتر را در سه تکرار، طی دو نوبت و به فاصله شش روز از یکدیگر به صورت افشانه برگی دریافت کردند. نتایج نشان داد که با افزایش شوری، مقادیر پروتئین، وزن تر اندام هوایی و ریشه کاهش، ولی مقادیر پرولین و مالون دی آلدهید افزایش یافت. کاربرد اسید سالیسیلیک برون‌زا مقادیر پروتئین، وزنتر اندام هوایی و ریشه را افزایش داد، ولی مقدار پرولین و مالون دی‌‌آلدهید در حضور شوری کاهش یافت. کاربرد اسید سالیسیلیک برون‌زا در نبود شوری بر میزان پرولین و مالون دی آلدهید تاثیری نداشت.
In order to investigate the effect of salicylic acid on growth parameters (shoot and root fresh weight) and some biochemical markers including proline, soluble protein and malondialdehyde levels in wheat seedlings under salt stress, a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design was conducted with three replications. Factors were salinity at three levels (0, 75 and 150 mM. NaCl ) and salicylic acid at three levels (0, 200 and 400 mg.l-1). Eight days after planting and in complete bifoliolate stage, salt stress treatments were applied. Concentration of 75 mM NaCl was applied by concentrations of 25 and 50mM during two times with seven days interval. NaCl 150 mM was also applied by concentrations of 25, 50, 25 and 50 mM during four times with seven days interval. Seven days after exerting the salt stress, leaves were sprayed by concentrations of 0, 200 and 400 mg.l-1 salicylic acid, with three replications, during two times with six days interval. Based on the results, the amount of protein, shoot and root fresh weight reduced with salinity increasing, but proline and malondialdehyde amounts increased. Exogenous salicylic acid application increased protein, shoot and root fresh weight contents, but reduced proline and malondialdehyde in presence of salinity. However, exogenous salicylic acid application in normal condition stress have not any effect on proline and malondialdehyde contents.
Ahmad A, Fariduddin Q, Hayat S (2003) Salicylic acid influences net photosynthetic rate, carboxylation efficiency, nitrate reductase activity and seed yield in Brassica juncea. Photosynthetica 41: 281-284.
Alaghabary K, Zhu Z, Shi Q (2005) Influence of silicon supply on chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence, and antioxidative enzyme activities in tomato plants under salt stress. Journal of Plants Nutrition 21: 2101-2115.
Azooz MM, Ismail AM, Abouelhamd MF (2009) Growth, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activites as a selection criterion for the salt tolerance of maize cultivars grown under salinity stress. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 11: 21 – 26.
Bates LS, Waldren RP, Tears ID (1973) Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies. Plant and Soil 39: 205-207.
Bor M, Ozdemir F, Turkan, I (2003) The effect of salt stress on lipid peroxidation and a ntioxidants in leaves of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) and wild beet (Beta maritime L.). Plant Science 164: 77-84.
Dash M, Panda SK (2001) Salt stress induced changes in growth and enzyme activities in germination of Phaseolus mungo seeds. Plant Biology 44: 587-589.
Deef HE (2007) Influence of salicylic acid on stress tolerance during seed germination of Triticum aestivum and Hordeum vulgare. Advances in Biological Research 1: 40 – 48.
Delavari PM, Baghizadeh A, Enteshari Sh, Kalantari KHM, Yazdanpanah A, Mousavi EA (2010) The effects of salicylic acid on some biochemical and morphological characteristic of Ocimum basilicum under salinity stress. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 10: 4832-4845.
Don G, Xia Y, Zhu Z, Vindhya BM, Chalinda K (2010) Effects of exogenous salicylic acid on antioxidative enzyme activities and physiological characteristics in gerbera (Gerbera jamesnoii L.) grown under NaCl stress. Agriculture and Life Sciences 6: 561-601.
El-Tayeb MA (2005) Response of barley grains to the interactive effect of salinity and salicylic acid. Plant Growth Regulation 45: 215–224.
Ghoulam C, Fares K (2001) Effect of salinity on seed germination and early seedling growth of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). Seed Science and Technology 29: 357-364.
Gunes A, Anal A, Alpaslan M, Eraslan F, Bagci EG, Cick N (2007) Salicylic acid induced changes on some physiological parameters symptomatic for oxidative stress and mineral nutration in maize (Zea mays L.) grown under salinity. Journal of Plant Physiology 164: 728–736.
Gutierrez-coronada MA, Trejo-Lopez C, Larque-Saavedra A (1998) Effects of salicylic acid on the growth of roots and shoots in soybean. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry36: 653-665.
Hare PD, Cress WA, Vanstaden J (1998) Dissecting the role of osmolyte accumulation during stress. Plant Cell and Environment. 21: 535-553.
HE Y, ZHU ZJ (2008) Exogenous salicylic acid alleviates NaCl toxicity and increases antioxidative enzyme activity in Lycopersicon esculentum. Biology Plantarum 4: 792-795.
Heath RL, Packer L (1968) Photoperoxidation in isolated chloroplasts: kinetics and stiochiometry of fatty acid peroxidation. Archives Biochemistry and Biophysics 125: 189–198.
Khan AH, Ashraf MY (1988) Effect of sodium chloride on growth and mineral composition of sorghum. Acta Plant Physiology 10: 259-264.
Khodary SEA (2004) Effect of salicylic acid on the growth, photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism in salt-stressed maize plants. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 6: 5–8.
Kirst GO (1989) Salinity tolerance of eu-karyotic marine algae. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology40: 21-53.
Lee G, Carrow RN, Duncan RR (2004) Photosynthetic responses to salinity stress of halophytic seashore paspalum ecotypes. Plant Science 166: 1417-1425.
Lowry OH, Rosebrough N, Randal R (1951) Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent. Journal of Biological Chemistry 193: 205-275.
Mittler R (2002) Oxidative stress, antioxidants and stress tolerance. Plant Science 7: 405-10.
Munns R (2002) Comparative physiology of salt and water stress. Plant Cell and Environment 25: 239-50.
Najafian SH, Khoshkhui M, Tavallali V, Saharkhiz MJ (2009) Effect of salicylic acid and salinity in thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.): Investigation on changes in gas exchange, water relations, and membrane stabilization and biomass accumulation. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 3: 2620-2626.
Nazarbeygi E, Yazdi H, Naseri R, Soleimani R (2011) The effects of different levels of salinity on proline and A, B- chlorophylls in Canola. American – Eurasian Journal of Agriculture and Environment Science 1: 70 – 74.
Popova L, Pancheva T, Uzunova A (1997) Salicylic acid: properties, biosynthesis and physiological role. Bulg Journal of Plant Physiology 23: 85-93.
Raskin L (1992) Role of salicylic acid in plants. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 43: 439- 46.
Rodriquez-Rosales MP, Kerkeb L, Bueno B, Donaire JP (1999) Changes induced by NaCl in lipid content and composition, lipoxygenase, plasma membrane H+- ATPase and antioxidant enzyme activities of tomato (Lycopersicum esculantum Mill) calli. Plant Science 143: 143-150.
Salama S, Trivedi S, Busheva M, Arafa AA, Garab G, Erdei L (1994) Effects of NaCl salinity on growth, cation accumulation, chloroplast structure and function in wheat cultivars differing in salt tolerance. Journal of Plant Physiology 144: 241–247.
Shahba Z, Baghizadeh A, Vakili SM, Yazdanpanah A, Yosefi M (2010) The salicylic acid effect on the tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) sugar, protein and proline contents under salinity stress. Journal of Biophysics and Structural Biology 3: 35 – 41.
Shirasu K, Nakajima H, Rajshekar K, Dixon RA, Lamb C (1997) Salicylic acid potentiates an agonist- dependent gain control that amplifies pathogen signal in the activation of defense mechanism. Plant Cell 9: 261-270.
Sudhakar C (2001) Change in the antioxidant enzyme efficacy in two high yielding genotypes of mulberry (Morus alba L.) under NaCl salinity. Plant Science 161: 613-619.
_||_