بررسی اثر کنترل شیمیایی علفهرز سوروف crus-gall L.) (Echinochloa در مراحل مختلف رشد بر عملکرد آفتابگردان روغنی (Helianthus annus L.)رقم اروفلور
محورهای موضوعی : بوم شناسی گیاهان زراعی
1 - کارشناس ارشد زراعت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تبریز
کلید واژه: عملکرد, آفتابگردان, علف هرز سوروف, علف‌کش‌های پس‌رویشی,
چکیده مقاله :
به منظور مطالعه اثر کنترل شیمیایی علف هرز سوروف در مراحل مختلف رشد و تعیین بهترین زمان و مقدار مصرف علفکشها بر عملکرد آفتابگردان روغنی رقم اروفلور، آزمایشی در سال 1385 در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی شهرستان خوی به صورت کرت های دو بار خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. فاکتورها شامل نوع علفکش به عنوان عامل اصلی (هالوکسی فوپ اتوکسی اتیل، ستوکسیدیم و سیکلوکسیدیم به همراه تیمار شاهد بدون کنترل)، زمان کاربرد علفکش به عنوان عامل فرعی (مرحله 6-4 برگی، 10-8 برگی و 14-12 برگی) و مقدار مصرف علفکش به عنوان عامل فرعیفرعی (یک لیتر در هکتار و دو لیتر در هکتار) بودند. صفات اندازه گیری شده شامل تعداد علفهای هرز، تعداد دانه در طبق، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد دانه و عملکرد روغن بودند. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین وزن هزار دانه با کاربرد سیکلوکسیدیم در مرحله 4 تا 6 برگی با یک لیتر در هکتار حاصل شد و بیشترین عملکرد دانه (4961 کیلوگرم در هکتار) به تیمار مصرف یک لیتر در هکتارهالوکسی فوپ اتوکسی اتیل در مرحله 4 تا 6 برگی و بیشترین عملکرد روغن به تیمارهای کاربرد دو لیتر هالوکسی فوپ اتوکسی اتیل در مرحله 8 تا 10 برگی و یک لیتر هالوکسی فوپ اتوکسی اتیل در مرحله 4 تا 6 برگی (به ترتیب 2315 و2310 کیلوگرم در هکتار) اختصاص داشت. نتایج کلی این آزمایش نشان داد که استفاده از تیمار هالوکسی فوپ اتوکسی اتیل در مرحله 4 تا 6 برگی بیشترین تعداد دانه در طبق، عملکرد دانه و عملکرد روغن را به همراه داشت. همچنین هالوکسی فوپ اتیل از نظر کنترل علفهای هرز بهتر از سایر تیمارها بود.
In order to study the effect of chemical control of Echinochloa crus- galli indifferent growth stages and determine the best herbicide application time and amount on the yield of oil-seed sunflower cv. Urofloure, an experiment was conducted at Agricultural and Natural Resources Research stations of Khoy region as split-split plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2006. Factors comprised of herbicide type as main factor (Haloxyfop-ethoxyethyl, Setoxydim and cycloxydim along with a control), herbicide application time as the sub-factor (4-6, 8-0 and 12-14 leaf stages) and herbicide dosage as the sub-sub factor (1 l.ha-1 and 2 l.ha-1). The measured traits were number of seeds per plant, weigh of thousand seeds, seed yield and oil yield. Results showed that maximum weight of thousand seeds was obtained by application of one litre per hectare Cycloxydim at 4–6 leaf stage. Application of one litre per hectare Haloxy fop-ethoxyethyl at 4–6 leaf stage resulted in maximum seed yield (4961 kg.ha-1). Also, the maximum oil yield was obtained with application of 2 litre Haloxy fop-ethoxyethyl at 8–10 leaf stage and one litre Haloxy fop-ethoxyethyl at 4–6 leaf stage (2315 and 2310 kg.ha,-1 respectively). Based on the results, Haloxy fop-ethoxyethyl application at 4–6 leaf stage caused maximum number of seeds per plant and the highest oil and seed yield. Haloxyfop-ethoxyethyl was also better than other treatments in weed control.
Abdullahi AE, Modisa O, Molosiwa O, Mosarwa L (2001) Cynodon dactylon control in sunflower (Helianthus annuus) with post emergence graminicides in a semi-arid environment. Crop Protection 5: 411- 414.
Bidlack JE, Middick A, shantz D, Mackown CT, Williams RD (2006) Weed control in a pigeon pea-wheat cropping system. Field Crops Research 1: 63- 70.
Bazazy D, Jafarzadeh N, Farokheslamlu ME (1998) Studying international test on controling pea weeds. The Research Report, Plant pests and Diseases Research Institute of Iran. Agricultural Research Center of Azarbayjan-e- Gharbi Province, pp. 354-373.
Clay DV, Lawrie J, Hertz B (1990) Effects of repeated applications of Fluazifop-butyl, Haloxyfop and Sethoxydim on Elymus repens in strawberries. Weed Research 6: 439-448.
Ghadiri H (1993) The principles of weeds science (Translation). Shiraz University Publication.
Izadi Darbandi E, Rashed Mohasel MH (2004) Determination of barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli) and red root pigweed (Amaranthus reroflexus) economic damage threshold in dry been (phaseolus vulgaris). Gorgan University Publication, Agronomy Science and Natural Resources 3: 45-51. [In Persian with English Abstract].
Jafarzadeh N, Homayunifar M, Hooshmand ER (1998) Test of floor koloridon (Riser) in sunflower farms. The Research Report. Plant Pests and Diseases Research Section. Agricultural Research Institute of Iran, Azarbayjan-e- Gharbi Province, pp. 349-353.
Malakuti MJ, Esmaeily M, Sepehr AN, Golchin A (2003) The effect of magnesium, iron, manganese and zinc fertilizer applications on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sunflower: optimum nutrition of oil seed. Soil and Water Research Institute, Iran, pp. 237- 246.
Montazeri A, Malakuti MJ (2003) The effect of potential fertilization in three year on sunflower yield and color alterations in Urmieh soils. Optimum nutrition of oil seeds. Soil and Water Research Institute, Iran, pp. 217- 226.
Mirshekari B (2003) Weeds and their managments. Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch Publications.
Naseri F (1996) Oil seeds (Translation). Astane Ghodse Razavi Publication.
Nabyzadeh A, Mahmmodzadeh H, Mohammadi S (2002) Estimation of efficiency of some herbicides in controlling sunflower weeds. Seventh Congress of Cultivation Science and Plant Modification. Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj, pp. 659- 660.
Rashed Mohasel MH, Rahimyan H, Banayan M (1995) Weeds and their control. (Translation). Jahade Daneshgahi of Mashhad University Publication.
Shahverdi M, Hejazi A, Rahimyan Mashhadi H, Torkamani E (2002) Determination of the critical period of weed control in sunflower (Helianthus annuus cv. Record). Tehran University Publication, Agricultural Science of Iran 3: 152-162. [In Persian with English Abstract].
Sadeghipur A, Ghafari Khaligh H (2002) Effect of herbicides and hand weeding in control of dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) weeds. Seventh Congress of Crop Production and Breeding of Iran, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj, pp. 647.
Taher MN, Zartoshti MR, Majidi A, Purmirza A, Malakuti MJ (2003) The effect of sulphur and magnesium in yield and yield components of sunflower with two varieties: optimum nourishing of oil seeds. Soil and Water Research Institute, Iran, pp. 247-259.
Thompson C, Peterson D, Regehr D, Lyon D (1999) High plains sunflower production. Handbook of Kansas State University, pp. 2 - 6.
Ulla Khan R, Morrison IN, Rashid A (1988) Grass weed control in sunflower in the spring and summer seasons under rainfed conditions in Pakistan. Crop Protection 1: 9-15.
Wall DA, Friesen GH, Dryden D (1988) Effect of herbicides and annual weeds on the yield and seed quality of lathyrus (Lathyrus sativus L.). Crop Protection 6: 372-377.
Zeynli A (2002) Recognize and control of Cyndon dactylon (L.). Gorgan University Publication, Agronomy Science and Natural Resources 1: 59-69. [In Persian with English Abstract].
Zeynalzadeh H, Sedighnia M, Ghafari M, Roshdy M (2005) Studying grain yield , its components and some agricultural characteristics of sunflower varieties in the second summer culture in Khoy region. Islamic Azad University of Miyaneh Publication, Daneshe Novine Keshavarzi 1: 54 - 66. [In Persian with English Abstract].
Ziya Hosseini S, Bararpur MS, Babaeyan Jelodar MS, Mansuji EM (2001) Weed control in soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] with reduced rates of herbicides. Iran’s Crop Production and Breeding Association Publication, Agricultural Science of Iran 3: 29-39. [In Persian with English Abstract].
_||_