اثر پتاسیم و روی بر عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و برخی صفات فیزیولوژیک نخود در شرایط دیم

محورهای موضوعی : بوم شناسی گیاهان زراعی

امین عباسی مقدم ¹ (دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد زراعت دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات اردبیل اردبیل، ایران)
علی عبادی ² (دانشیار گروه زراعت دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی اردبیل، ایران)
حسین شهبازی ³ (دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد زراعت دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات اردبیل اردبیل، ایران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1393/02/12 تاریخ پذیرش : 1393/09/27 تاریخ انتشار : 1393/11/01

کلید واژه: پایداری غشای سلول, پتانسیل اسمزی, رنگدانه‌های فتوسنتزی, عناصر غذایی, کم آبی, محتوی رطوبت نسبی برگ,

چکیده مقاله :

به منظور تعیین اثر مقادیر مختلف پتاسیم و روی بر عملکرد و برخی صفات فیزیولوژیک نخود در شرایط دیم، آزمایشی در سال 1390 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اردبیل، به صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. فاکتورهای مورد بررسی شامل پتاسیم در چهار سطح 0، 30، 60 و 90 کیلوگرم در هکتار و روی در سه سطح 0، 3 و 6 در هزار بودند. صفات مورد بررسی شامل عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک، شاخص برداشت، تعداد دانه در بوته، تعداد غلاف در بوته، میزان کلروفیل a، b و کل، محتوی رطوبت نسبی برگ، پایداری غشای سلولی و پتانسیل اسمزی بودند. کاربرد پتاسیم و روی موجب افزایش عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد شد به طوری که بیشترین عملکرد دانه با کاربرد 60 کیلوگرم در هکتار پتاسیم و محلول پاشی 6 در هزار روی به دست آمد. همچنین حداکثر عملکرد بیولوژیک، شاخص برداشت، تعداد دانه در بوته، کلروفیل a، b و کلروفیل کل و رطوبت نسبی برگ، پایداری غشای سلولی و پایین ترین پتانسیل اسمزی به تیمار 90 کیلوگرم در هکتار پتاسیم و تیمار 6 در هزار روی اختصاص یافت. کاربرد روی و پتاسیم موجب بهبود شاخص های تحمل به تنش و کاهش آسیب های ناشی از تنش خشکی شده و عملکرد را افزایش داد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

To evaluate the effects of potassium on yield, yield components and some physiological traits of chickpea in rain-fed conditions, an experiment was conducted as a factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Research Farm of Islamic Azad University Ardabil Branch in 2011. Factors included four potassium levels as 0, 30, 60 and 90 kgha-1 and Zinc on three levels of 0, 0.3 and 0.6%. The traits such as yield, biological yield, harvest index, number of seeds per plant, number of pods per plant, a, b and total chlorophyll, leaf relative water content, stability of cell membrane and osmotic potential were measured. The highest biological yield, harvest index, number of seeds per plant, chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll and leaf relative water content, cell membrane stability and lowest osmotic potential belonged to the treatment of 90 kg ha-1 potassium and 0.6% of zinc treatment. Based on the results, it seems that application of the potassium and zinc improves stress tolerance indices and reduce stress injuries and grain yield, consequently.

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