ارتباط صفات فیزیولوژیک و فنولوژیک با عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد دانه ژنوتیپ های تریتیکاله در منطقه گنبدکاووس
محورهای موضوعی : بوم شناسی گیاهان زراعیمرضیه رشیدپور 1 , حسین علی فلاحی 2 , عباسعلی نوری نیا 3 , حسین صبوری 4 , شاهپور ابراهیم نژاد 5
1 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد گروه زراعت
2 - استادیار پژوهش مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی
و منابع طبیعی گلستان
3 - استادیار پژوهش مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی
و منابع طبیعی گلستان
4 - دانشیار گروه تولیدات گیاهی
دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه گنبد کاووس
5 - مربی پژوهش
مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی مازندران
ساری، ایران
کلید واژه: تنوع ژنتیکی, تنوع زیستی, به نژادی, چاودم, همبستگی صفات,
چکیده مقاله :
این بررسی به منظور تعیین صفات فنولوژیک و فیزیولوژیک مؤثر بر افزایش عملکرد دانه و صفات وابسته به آن در 13 ژنوتیپ تریتیکاله شامل ET-79-3،ET-79-4 ، ET-79-17،ET-82-8 ، ET-82-15، ET-82-16، ET-83-20، ET-84-5، ET-84-8، ET-84-15، ET-85-7، ET-85-9 و JUANILO 92 در مزرعه ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی گنبدکاووس در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در سال زراعی 88 -1387 اجرا شد. تجزیه واریانس داده‌ها حاکی از وجود اختلاف بین ژنوتیپ‌ها از نظر ارتفاع گیاه، طول سنبله، تعداد روز تا سنبلهدهی، تعداد روز تا رسیدن فیزیولوژیکی، وزن هزار دانه، تعداد سنبله در متر مربع، تعداد دانه در سنبله، تعداد سنبلچه بارور در سنبله، شاخص برداشت، متوسط سرعت پر شدن دانه، تعداد دانه در متر مربع بود. از لحاظ صفات طول دوره پر شدن دانه، تعداد دانه در سنبلچه بارور، عملکرد کاه و عملکرد بیولوژیک اختلاف معنی‌داری وجود نداشت. ژنوتیپهای ET-82-15 و JUANILO 92 به ترتیب بالاترین و پایینترین عملکرد دانه را به خود اختصاص دادند. عملکرد دانه با عملکرد بیولوژیک، طول دوره پر شدن دانه، سرعت پر شدن دانه، وزن هزار دانه و شاخص برداشت همبستگی مثبت و معنی‌داری نشان داد. بهطورکلی ژنوتیپهای ET-82-15 و ET-84-5 را میتوان در شرایط آب و هوایی گنبدکاووس و مناطق نیمه خشک مشابه برای توسعه کشت معرفی کرد.
This study was conducted using 13 triticale genotypes: ET-79-3, ET-79-4, ET-79-17, ET-82-8, ET-82-15, ET-82-16, ET-83-20, ET-84-5, ET-84-8, ET-84-15, ET-85-7, ET-85-9, JUANILLO 92 in an RCBD with three replicates to determine the phenological and physiological traits affecting grain yield and related characteristics, in Agricultural Research Station of Gonbad in 2008-9. Data analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference between genotypes for plant height, spike length, days to heading, days to physiological maturity, 1000 grain weight, spikes per square meter, number of grains per spike, number of fertile spikelet per spikes, harvest index, the average grain filling rate, and number of grains per square meter. But there was a significant difference between grain filling period, number of grains per fertile spikelet, straw yield and biological yield. ET-82-15 and Juanilo 92 genotypes produced the highest (6020 kg/ha) and the lowest (4422 kg/ha) grain yield, respectively. There was a significant and positive correlation between grain yield with biological yield, grain filling period, grain filling rate, 1000 grain weight and harvest index. Generally, ET-82-15 and ET-84-5 genotypes can be recommended for cultivation in Gonbad region and other similar semi-arid regions.
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