ارائه یک مدل بهینهسازی چندهدفه مبتنی بر الگوریتم ژنتیک برای مدیریت ولتاژ شبکههای توزیع شعاعی مناطق گرمسیری جنوب ایران با تکیه بر خازنهای ثابت و رگولاتورهای ولتاژ
محورهای موضوعی : تولید، انتقال و توزیععلی عسکری زاده 1 , الهه مشهور 2 , محسن صنیعی 3
1 - دانشکده مهندسی– دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران
2 - دانشکده مهندسی– دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران
3 - دانشکده مهندسی– دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران
کلید واژه: شاخص انحراف ولتاژ, شبکههای توزیع, رگولاتور ولتاژ اتوماتیک, رگولاتور ولتاژ غیر اتوماتیک, هزینه تلفات انرژی, هزینه سرمایهگذاری,
چکیده مقاله :
در این مقاله یک مدل بهینهسازی چندهدفه جهت جایابی بهینه خازنهای ثابت و رگولاتورهای ولتاژ برای مدیریت ولتاژ شبکههای توزیع شعاعی ارائه میشود که در آن واقعیتهای شبکه توزیع شهرستان اهواز (به نمایندگی از مناطق گرمسیری جنوب ایران) در نظر گرفته میشود. توابع هدف شامل کمینهسازی هزینه سرمایهگذاری، کمینهسازی مجموع قدرمطلق انحراف ولتاژ گرهها از یک پریونیت و کمینهسازی هزینه تلفات انرژی در افق برنامهریزی است. مدل بهینهسازی با در نظر گرفتن دو الگوی باری متفاوت مطابق با الگوهای باری دورههای گرم و معتدل سال در شهرستان اهواز فرمول بندی میشود، بارهای شبکه به صورت ترکیبی از مؤلفههای توان ثابت و امپدانس ثابت مدل میشوند و سهم هر مؤلفه در دورههای گرم و معتدل سال متناسب با شرایط واقعی شبکه توزیع برق اهواز در نظر گرفته میشود. محاسبه هزینه تلفات انرژی و همچنین سود نهایی طرح بر اساس قواعد جاری بازار برای توانهای اکتیو و راکتیو صورت میگیرد. مسأله بهینهسازی با استفاده از الگوریتم ژنتیک رتبهبندی نامغلوب (NSGA-II) حل میشود و به منظور انتخاب بهترین پاسخ، در میان پاسخهای نامغلوب پارتو، یک شاخص انتخاب معرفی میشود. مدل پیشنهادی در یک سیستم تست 33 شینه و یک فیدر 123 شینه 33 کیلوولت از شرکت توزیع اهواز پیادهسازی و نتایج تحلیل میشوند.
This paper presents a multi-objective optimization model for optimal placement of fixed capacitors and voltage regulators to manage the voltage profile of radial distribution networks, in which the realities of the distribution network of Ahvaz city (as representing the tropical regions of southern Iran) are considered. The objective functions include minimizing the investment cost, minimizing the sum of absolute value of the node’s voltage deviations from 1 p.u., and minimizing the cost of energy losses on the planning horizon. The optimization model is formulated by considering two different load patterns according to the warm and temperate periods of the year in Ahvaz city. The loads are modeled as a combination of constant power and constant impedance components and the share of each component in the warm and temperate periods of the year is considered in accordance with the actual conditions of the Ahwaz power distribution network. The cost of energy losses as well as the final profit of the project is calculated based on the current rules of Iranian power market for active and reactive powers. The optimization problem is solved using multi-objective non-dominated-sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA_II), and in order to choose the best answer among none-dominated Pareto front, a selection index is introduced. The proposed model is implemented on two 33 kV test feeders (i.e., a 33-bus test feeder and a real 123-bus feeder from Ahvaz distribution company) and the results are analyzed.
[1] M. Cikan, B. Kekezoglu, "Comparison of metaheuristic optimization techniques including equilibrium optimizer algorithm in power distribution network reconfiguration", Alexandria Engineering Journal, vol. 61, no. 2, pp. 991-1031, Feb. 2022 (doi: 10.1016/j.aej.2021.06.079).
[2] S. Essallah, A. Khedher, "Optimization of distribution system operation by network reconfiguration and DG integration using MPSO algorithm", Renewable Energy Focus, vol. 34, pp. 37-46, Sept. 2020 (doi: 10.1016/j.ref.2020.04.002).
[3] M.M.Aman, G.B.Jasmon, A.H.A.Bakar, H.mokhlis, M.Karimi, "Optimum shunt capacitor placement in distribution system-a review and comparative study", Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews., vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 429-439, Feb. 2014 (doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2013.10.002).
[4] P.V.V.R. Rao., S.S. Raju., "Voltage regulator placement in radial distribution system using plant growth simulation algorithm", International Journal of Engineering, Science and Technology, vol. 2, no. 6, pp. 207-217, June 2010 (doi: 10.4314/ijest.v2i6.63712).
[5] S. Das, D. Das, A. Patra, "Operation of distribution network with optimal placement and sizing of dispatchable DGs and shunt capacitors", Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 113, pp. 1-12, Oct. 2019 (doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2019.06.026).
[6] L.A. Gallego, A. Padilha-Feltrin, "Voltage regulator modeling for the three-phase power flow in distribution networks", Proceeding of the IEEE/PES, pp.1-6, Bogota, Colombia, Aug. 2008 (doi: 10.1109/TDC-LA.2008.4641843).
[7] O. Mahela, S. Ola, L. Goyal, "Optimal capacitor placement for loss reduction in radial distribution feeder", IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 43-48, March/April 2013 (doi: 10.6084/M9.FIGSHARE.1143896).
[8] R. SrinivasasRao, S.V.L. Narasimham, M. Ramalingaraju, "Optimal capacitor placement in a radial distribution system using plant growth simulation algorithm", International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, vol. 33, no. 5, pp. 1133-1139, June 2011 (doi: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2010.11.021).
[9] V. Tamilselvan, T. Jayabarathi, T. Raghunathan, X.S. Yang, "Optimal capacitor placement in radial distribution systems using flower pollination algorithm", Alexandria Engineering Journal, vol. 57, pp. 2775-2786, Dec. 2018 (doi: 10.1016/j.aej.2018.01.004).
[10] L.R.d. Araujo, D.R.R. Penido, S. Carneiro, J.L.R. Pereira, "Optimal unbalanced capacitor placement in distribution systems for voltage control and energy losses minimization", Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 154, pp. 110-121, Jan. 2018 (doi: 10.1016/j.epsr.2017.08.012).
[11] P.M. Mtonga, K. Kaberere, K. Irungu, "Optimal shunt capacitors’ placement and sizing in radial distribution systems using multiverse optimizer", IEEE Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engeeninering, vol. 44, no. 1, pp.10-21, March 2021 (doi: 10.1109/ICJECE.2020.3012041).
[12] A. Gallego, M. Lopez-Lezama, O. Gomez Carmona, "A mixed-integer linear programming model for simultaneous optimal reconfiguration and optimal placement of capacitor banks in distribution networks", IEEE Access. vol. 10, pp. 52655-52673, May 2022 (doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3175189).
[13] C. Gao, M.A. Redfern, "A review of voltage control techniques of networks with distributed generations using On-Load Tap Changer transformers", Proceeding of the IEEE/UPEC, PP.1-6, Wales, UK, Aug./Sept. 2010.
[14] H. Hosseinpour, B. Bastaee, "Optimal placement of on-load tap changers in distribution network using SA-TLBO method", Electrical Power and Energy Systems, vol. 64, pp. 1119-1128, Jan. 2015 (doi: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2014.09.009)
[15] L. Ruey-Hsun, C. Chen-Kuo, "Dispatch of main transformer ULTC and capacitors in a distribution system", IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 625–630, Oct. 2001 (doi: 10.1109/61.956748).
[16] A.Nerves, S. Froilan, Voltage and reactive-power control optimization in a distribution system", Proceeding of the IEEE/TENCON, pp. 1-4, Hong Kong, China, Nov. 2006 (doi: 10.1109/TENCON.2006.343787).
[17] L.Chen, L. Haiyu, "Optimized reactive power supports using transformer tap stagger in distribution networks", IEEE Trans. on Smart Grid, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 1987–1996, March 2016 (doi: 10.1109/TSG.2016.2539824)
[18] P.V.V. Rama Rao., S. Sivanaga Raju., "Voltage regulator placement in radial distribution system using plant growth simulation algorithm", International Journal of Engineering, Science and Technology, vol. 2, no. 6, pp. 207-217, Feb. 2011 (doi: 10.4314/ijest.v2i6.63712).
[19] A. Nakadomari, R. Shigenobu, T. Senjyu, "Optimal control and placement of step voltage regulator for voltage unbalance improvement and loss minimization in distribution system", Proceeding of the IEEE/TENCON, Osaka, Japan, Nov. 2020 (doi: 10.1109/TENCON50793.2020.9293721).
[20] I. Szuvovivski, T.S.P. Fernandes, A.R. Aoki, "Simultaneous allocation of capacitors and voltage regulators at distribution networks using Genetic Algorithms and Optimal Power Flow", Electrical Power and Energy Systems Journal. vol. 40, pp. 62-69, Sept. 2012 ( doi: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2012.02.006).
[21] J. Franco, M. Rider, M. Lavorato, R. Romero, "A mixed-integer LP model for the optimal allocation of voltage regulators and capacitors in radial distribution systems", Electrical Power and Energy Systems Journal. vol. 48, pp. 123-130, June 2013 (doi: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2012.11.027).
[22] E. Mashhour, "Optimum placement of line route switches in sample feeders of Ahvaz city distribution network in order to improve network reliability indicators", Research Project Report, Client: Ahvaz Electricity Distribution Company, Executive: Research Vice-Chancellor of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, June 2017.
[23] S.M. Moghaddas-Tafreshi, E. Mashhour, "Distributed generation modeling for power flow studies and a three-phase unbalanced power flow solution for radial distribution systems considering distributed lgeneration", Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 79, no. 4, pp. 680-686, April 2009 (doi: 10.1016/j.epsr.2008.10.003).
[24] K. Deb, "Multiobjective optimization using evolutionary algorithms”, Chichester, U.K., Wiley, 2002 (ISBN: 978-0470743614).
[25] M. Gen, R. Cheng, "Genetic algorithms and engineering optimization", John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 2000 (ISBN: 978-0-471-31531-5).
[26] C. Cheng, D. Shirmohammadi, "A three phase power flow method for real time distribution system analysis", IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 671-679, May 1995 (doi: 10.1109/59.387902).
[27] H. Falqi, M. Ramazani, M. Haqqi, M. Tabrizi, "Simultaneous placement of sectioners and maneuvering points in electrical energy distribution networks", Proceeding of the IEC, pp.1-9,22-24, Tehran, Iran, Nov.2004.
_||_