یک ساختار کنترل غیرمتمرکز مبتنی بر قاب مجازی فرکانس-ولتاژ برای فراهمکردن تقسیم صحیح توانهای اکتیو و راکتیو در ریزشبکهها
محورهای موضوعی : انرژی های تجدیدپذیرنادر کاظمی اسفه 1 , مهدی بهاری زاده 2
1 - دانشکده مهندسی برق- واحد خمینی شهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اصفهان، ایران
2 - دانشکده مهندسی برق- واحد خمینی شهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اصفهان، ایران
کلید واژه: ریزشبکه, تقسیم توان, حالت عملکرد جزیرهای, مشخصههای افتی,
چکیده مقاله :
درحالت عملکرد جزیره ای ریزشبکه ها تقسیم توان های اکتیو و راکتیو بار بین منابع نیاز است. برای فراهم کردن آن و بر اساس رویکرد غیرمتمرکز از مشخصه های افتی استفاده میشود. مشخصه های افتی مرسوم توان اکتیو-فرکانس (P-ω) و توان راکتیو-ولتاژ (Q-V) بر فرض خاصیت سلفی امپدانس خروجی منابع بنا نهاده شده اند. از آنجا که امپدانس خروجی سلفی غالب مخصوصا در ریزشبکه های ولتاژ پایین فراهم نمیشوند، مشخصه های افتی قاب مجازی فرکانس-ولتاژ که شامل مشخصه افتی توان اکتیو-فرکانس مجازی (P-ωʹ) و مشخصه افتی توان راکتیو-ولتاژ مجازی (Q-Vʹ) هستند مورد توجه محققان قرار گرفته اند. خاصیت محلی هر دو کمیت فرکانس مجازی و ولتاژ مجازی منجر به بروز خطاهای تقسیم توان اکتیو و راکتیو با به کار بردن این مشخصه ها میشود. همچنین نیاز به محدوده کوچک تغییرات فرکانس مجازی و ولتاژ مجازی، منجر به بروز خطاهای بزرگ تقسیم توان میشود. برای برطرف کردن خطاهای تقسیم توان اکتیو و راکتیو، در این مقاله یک روش کنترل غیر متمرکز پیشنهاد میشود. در روش پیشنهادی منابع به جای فرکانس مجازی و ولتاژ مجازی ترمینال خود، فرکانس و ولتاژ مجازی نقطه اتصال مشترک (PCC) را افت میدهند تا پارامتری مشترک مسئول تولید توان اکتیو و همچنین پارامتری مشترک مسئول تولید توان راکتیو منابع شده و خطای تقسیم توان برطرف شود. نحوه تحقق این مشخصه های افتی با جزئیات توضیح داده خواهد شد. برای تایید عملکرد ساختار کنترل پیشنهادی، شبیه سازی زمانی یک ریزشبکه نمونه در نرم افزار PSIM ارائه شده است.
In the islanded operation mode of microgrids, active and reactive powers sharing among sources is required. In order to provide this and based on decentralized approach, droop characteristics are used. The conventional droop characteristics of active power-frequency (P-ω) and reactive power-voltage (Q-V) are based on the assumption of inductive output impedance of sources. Since the dominant inductive output impedances are not provided, especially in low voltage microgrids, the virtual frequency-voltage frame droop characteristics, which include active power-virtual frequency (P-ωʹ) and reactive power-virtual voltage (Q-Vʹ) droop characteristics have been considered by researchers. By employing these droops, local property of both the virtual frequency and the virtual voltage leads to active power sharing error as well as reactive power sharing error. In addition, required small intended variation range of both virtual frequency and virtual voltage, results in big power sharing errors. In order to eliminate active and reactive power sharing errors, a decentralized control method is proposed in this paper. In the proposed method, instead of virtual frequency and virtual voltage of their terminal, sources droop virtual frequency and virtual voltage of point of common coupling (PCC) in order to a common parameter becomes in charge of active power generation as well as a common parameter becomes responsible for reactive power generation. Accordingly, the power sharing errors are resolved. Realization method of these droop characteristics will be explained in details. In order to confirm the performance of the proposed control method, simulation results of a test microgrid in PSIM software are presented.
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