بررسی رابطه بین مخارج بهداشتی سرانه و درآمد سرانه در کشورهای با درآمد پایین و متوسط (رهیافت علّیت در داده‌های تابلویی)

محورهای موضوعی : اقتصاد کار و جمعیت

داوود بهبودی ¹ , فرانک باستان ² , مجید فشاری ³

1 - دانشیار دانشگاه تبریز
2 - کارشناس ارشد اقتصاد
3 - دانشجوی دکتری دانشگاه تبریز

تاریخ دریافت : 1394/02/01 تاریخ پذیرش : 1394/02/01 تاریخ انتشار : 1390/01/12

کلید واژه: درآمد سرانه, مخارج بهداشتی سرانه, علیت گرنجر هشیائو, علیت تودا و یاماموتو,

چکیده مقاله :

در این مطالعه رابطه علّی بین مخارج بهداشتی سرانه و تولید ناخالص داخلی سرانه برای کشورهای با درآمد پایین و متوسط طی دوره 2003-2007 مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. بدین منظور از آزمون علیت گرنجر هشیائو(1981) و آزمون علیت تودا و یاماموتو(1995) استفاده شده است. نتایج به دست آمده حاکی از این امر است که در کشورهای با درآمد پایین و متوسط (در حال توسعه) که ایران هم جزو آنهاست، تنها از طرف درآمد سرانه به مخارج بهداشتی سرانه، علیت وجود دارد.با توجه به وجود رابطه علّی یک طرفه از سوی درآمد سرانه به مخارج بهداشتی سرانه در گروه کشورهای با درآمد سرانه متوسط و پایین، در این از گروه کشورها افزایش درآمد سرانه می‌تواند از طریق افزایش مخارج مصرفی منجر به افزایش مخارج بهداشتی سرانه شود.

چکیده انگلیسی:

The main objective of this paper is to investigate the relationship between per capita health expenditure and per capita GDP for lower and middle income countries during 2003-2007. For this purpose, we used the Hsiao's-Granger and Toda & Yamamoto(TY) causality tests for investigating short-run relation between two variables. The results of the model estimation reveal that there is a unilateral causality from the GDP per capita to per capita health expenditure. Due to the results of this paper, the main implication policy of this study is that the policymakers and economic planners should adopt the suitable policies to improve economic growth and GDP per capita. Because, the increase of GDP per capita can be enhance the consumption expenditures and especially, health expenditures per capita.

منابع و مأخذ:

منابع

-    Arman, S.A. & Zare,R. (2005), The causal relationship between energy consumption and economic growth in Iran, Quarterly Journal of Iranian Economic Research, (24):117-43. (In Persian)

-    Barro, R. (1996).Health and economic growth. mimeo. dge, MA: Harvard University.

-    Beheshti, M.B. & Sojoodi, S. (2007), The relationship between health expenditures and GDP in Iran, Quarterly Journal of Quantitative Economics, (4): 115-135. (In Persian)

-    Bukhari, S. A. H. A. & M. S. Butt. (2007). The direction of causality between health spending and GDP the Case of Pakistan. Pakistan Economic and Social Review, 45:125-140.

-    Devlin, N. & P, Hansen. (2001). Health care spending and economic output: Granger causality. Applied Economics Letters, 8: 561-564.

-    Easterly, W. & S, Rebeto. (1993). Fiscal policy and economic growth. Journal of Monetary Economics, 32:417-45

-    Erdil, E. & I. H. Yetkiner. (2004). Panel data approach for income health causality. Hamburg University: Research unit Sustainability and Global Change, Working Papers FNU-47.

-    Ghanbari, A. & Baskha, M. (2008), The impact of government health expenditures on Iranian economic growth, Quarterly Journal of Economics Research, (83): 187-224. (In Persian)

-    Hadian, M., Shojaei, S. & Rajabzadeh, D. (2006), the impact of health expenditures on the economic growth of Iran, Quarterly Journal of Health Management, (24): 39-44. (In Persian)

-    Hitiris, T. & J. Posnett. (1992). The determinants and effects of the health expenditure in developed countries. Journal of Health Economics,11:173-181.

-    Hopkins, S. & G. MacDonald. (2000). The relationship between health expenditure and GDP in Australia: Evidence from a New Approach. Edited by International Society for System Science and Health Care and Semmelweis University.

-    Hsaio, C. (1981). Autoregressive modeling and money-income causality detection.Journal of Monetary Economics, 4:85-106.

-    Mojtahed, A. & Javadipour, S. (2004), The investigation of health care effect on the economic growth (the case of selected developing countries), Journal of Iranian Economic Research, (19): 31-54. (In Persian)

-    Rivera, B. & Currais L. (1999). Economic growth and health: direct impact or reverse causation?.Applied Economics Letters, 6:761-764

-    Toda, H.Y & T. Yamamoto. (1995). Statistical inference in vector autoregressions with possibly integrated processes. Journal of Econometrics, 22:309-317.

-    Wang, K. (2011). Health care expenditure and economic growth: Quantile panel-type analysis. Economic Modelling,28:1536–1549

-    Weil, D.H. (2006). Accounting for the effect of health on economic growth. The Quarterly Journal of Economics,122:1265-1306

-    World Development Indicators CD-ROM (2010); The World Bank Gro